1. Eight Parts of Speech NounsAdverb PronounsConjunction VerbPreposition AdjectiveInterjection

2. NOUNS A NOUN is a word that names a person, place, thing or idea. There are six types of NOUNS Common: general name for a person, place, thing or idea Proper: name of a particular person, place, thing or idea

3. NOUNS Concrete: names something that can be perceived through the five senses Abstract: names something that cannot be perceived through the five senses Collective: names a group

4. NOUNS Compound: contains two or more words—may be written as one word, two words, or with a hyphen

5. NOUNS Nouns that name ONE person place, thing or idea are called singular nouns. Nouns that name MORE THAN ONE are called plural nouns.

6. NOUNS Rules for Forming Plurals To form the plural of most nouns, just add –s. prize – prizes For most singular nouns ending in O, add –s. photo - photos When the singular noun ends in s, sh, ch, x or z, add –es. brush – brushes ax - axes

7. NOUNS Rules for Forming Plurals When a singular noun ends in y with a consonant before it, change the y to i and add –es. army – armies array – arrays When a vowel comes before the y, just add –s. boy – boys jockey – jockeys

8. NOUNS Rules for Forming Plurals For most nouns ending in –f or –fe, change the f to v and add –es or – s. Since there is no rule you must memorize such words. knife – knives calf – calves

9. PRONOUNS A PRONOUN is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The noun for which a pronoun stands and to which it refers is called its ANTECEDENT. (Ante- means prior or earlier.)

10. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PERSONAL PRONOUNS—Pronouns that change form to express person, number and gender. Person 1st person: pronouns identifying the person speaking 2 nd person: pronouns identifying person being spoken to

11. PERSONAL PRONOUNS Person (cont.) 3 rd person: pronouns identifying the thing being spoken about Number singular plural

12. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PERSONAL PRONOUN EXAMPLES I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it we, us, you, they, them

13. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS are special forms of personal pronouns that show ownership. Examples of possessive pronouns my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs Ex. This is my car.

14. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS reflect an action back on a subject. (Ends in –self or –selves and is necessary to the meaning of the sentence.) Examples of reflexive pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves Ex. Mom treated herself to a brownie.

15. INTENSIVE PRONOUNS INTENSIVE PRONOUNS are used to emphasize a noun or pronoun in a sentence. (Not necessary to the meaning of a sentence; end in –self or –selves.) Examples of intensive pronouns myself, yourself, himself, itself

16. INTENSIVE PRONOUNS Examples of intensive pronouns (cont.) ourselves, yourselves, themselves Ex. I myself am in charge of the campaign.

17. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS point out persons or things. Examples of demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those Ex. These are the speakers I want.

18. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS INDEFINITE PROUNOUNS do not refer to a definite person or thing. Examples of indefinite pronouns another, anybody, anyone, few, all, anything, each, everybody, both, some, everyone, everything, much, any, both, many, neither, nobody, no one, most, nothing, one, somebody, someone, several, all, more, none

19. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS INTERROGATIVE PROUNOUNS ask a question. WhichWhoWhatWhom Which student made a perfect score? What is her name? Who is your best friend?

20. RELATIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE PROUNOUNS relate information about a subject. It begins a subordinate clause. whothatwhichwhom The boy who hit the ball is my friend. The plane, which is red, is an antique.