1. Unit 11 What Is This Thing Called Lover?

2. Reading Comprehension 1. What is love? 2. Who is Dr. Michael R. Liebowitz? 3. What is the focus of the book The Chemistry of Love? 4. What’s Dr. Liebowitz’s neurochemical theory of romance? 5. How to distinguish between romantic attraction and romantic attachment?

3. Reading Comprehension 6. Why do people grow tired of each other? 7. When people are in love, they have trouble concentrating at work, don’t they? 8. How does Dr. Liebowitz keep love alive in his own ten-and-a-half-year marriage? 9. What’s your idea of love?

4. Lesson 51 What Is This Thing Called Love? 1. Don’t you find it upsetting to reduce an emotion like love to a chemical equation? Reduce…to…: lower…to…,change sth to a more general or basic form --He reduced himself to a beggar finally. --The fire reduced that city to ashes. --The board of directors reduced the problem to two main questions after discussion.

5. Stop to do sth vs. stop doing sth 2. The emotions we feel when we’re in love are so powerful that when they’re going on, nobody’s going to stop to think about chemicals in the brain. Stop to do sth vs. stop doing sth

6. Distinguish 3. I try to distinguish between romantic attraction and romantic attachment because I think they’re chemically distinct. Distinguish: tell difference between sth --Distinguish (between) A and B --Distinguish A from B --Distinguish oneself --She distinguished herself by her bravery.

7. Artificial 4.The symptoms of attraction—falling in love—are very much like what happens when you take an artificial stimulant. Artificial: man-made, not real --artificial flowers/light/limbs/pearls --artificial respiration

8. Programme, at birth, in close relationship 5. I believe that we’re programmed at birth to produce endorphins when we’re in close relationships.  I believe that the moment we were born, our bodies automatically began to produce chemicals called endorphins when we have a very close relationship with someone else

9. Programme, at birth, in close relationships 1) Programme: plan or arrange sth, cause sth/sb to do automatically --A trip to West Lake is programmed for next weekend. --The oven is programmed to switch itself on at 5 o’clock. 2) At birth 3) In close relationships

10. Translation 6. That’s why the great romances of literature are never between people who stay together. Romeo and Juliet, for example, never had a chance to get used to each other.

11. Translation 7. Our pleasure centers need a minimum level of stimulation to function. Love lowers this level. When we’re in love, it takes less stimulation to give us pleasure. That’s why everything feels possible when you’re in love, why everything looks rosy.

12. Translation 8. You need newness, sharing, and growth. My wife changed careers lately. We shared that. She gave me a lot of ideas for this book. We were able to share that…The brain has to experience a change, or there will be no excitement.

13. Frame 1: Because, because of, in case, in case of, and instead of 1. The picnic is canceled because it’s raining.  The picnic is canceled because of the rain. 2. Dial 110 in case there’s an emergency.  Dial 110 in case of an emergency. 3. Let’s take the car instead of going by bus.  Let’s take the car instead of the bus.

14. Frame 2: Whether vs. if 1. Whether (or not) + sentence/phrase --I can’t decide whether or not to call him. --I can’t decide whether or not I should call him. 2. If + sentence --He doesn’t know if he should go abroad or stay home. --We wonder if we can arrive there on time.