1. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.0 SCHOOLS: CHOICES AND CHALLENGES Teachers, Schools, and Society A Brief Introduction to Education David Miller Sadker Karen R. Zittleman Chapter 9

2. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.1 THE PURPOSE OF SCHOOL Examples Purpose 1: To transmit society’s knowledge and values Purpose 2: To reconstruct society Which purpose most characterizes the schools you attended? Student Generated Responses

3. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.2 THE PURPOSE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOLS Public AttitudesClass Attitudes Importance of Purpose Effectiveness of Schools in Meeting Purpose Importance of Purpose Effectiveness of Schools in Meeting Purpose MeanRankMeanRankMeanRankMeanRank To prepare people to become responsible citizens 9.016.12-4 To help people become economically self-sufficient 8.626.21 To ensure a basic level of quality among schools 8.536.12-4 To promote cultural unity among all Americans 8.046.12-4 To improve social conditions for people 7.855.95-6 To enhance people’s happiness and enrich their lives 7.56-75.95-6 To dispel inequities in education among certain schools and certain groups 7.56-75.77 Source: Lowell C. Rose and Alec M. Gallup (2000), The 32 nd Annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools, http://www.pdkintl.org/kappan/kpol0009.htm#1a

4. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.3 GOALS OF SCHOOLS

5. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.4 WAVES OF REFORM

6. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.5 PUBLIC ATTITUDES: REFORMING OR REPLACING PUBLIC SCHOOLS Source: The 2004 Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools.

7. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.6 AMERICANS VIEW VOUCHERS Source: The 2004 Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools.

8. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.7 EDUCATIONAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS EMOs Edison Schools Tesseract (EAI) Privatization

9. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.8 DEBATE ON THE SCHOOL CHOICE PLAN Competition leading to false advertising Competition as force for improvement Loss of neighborhood cooperation Freedom to choose Con Pro Student Generated Responses Examples

10. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.9 WHO HAS YOUR VOTE? Candidate 1 (More money, smaller classes) Candidate 2 (Give parents vouchers, let them choose) Candidate 3 (More money, smaller classes) Candidate 4 (Higher standards, better discipline) How do we compare with the public?

11. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.10 FACTORS SUPPORTING EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS Strong leadership Clear school mission Safe and orderly climate Monitor student progress High expectations

12. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.11 SCHOOL RELATED VIOLENCE Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Health Interview Survey-Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 1993, 1997, and 2003.

13. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.12 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SCHOOL SAFETY 1.Staff works together 2.Shared authority and decision making 3.Sense of ownership by students 4.Rules/procedures encourage self-discipline 5.Curriculum is interesting and challenging 6.Staff assists students with personal problems 7.Strong school-home cooperation 8.School structure (physical/organizational) supports these factors 9.Other factors?

14. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.13 STUDENT OBSERVATIONS OF EFFECTIVE SCHOOL PRACTICES Effective School Practices Ineffective School Practices Principal Climate Safety Student Progress Teacher Expectations

15. Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 9.14 BEYOND THE FIVE FACTORS Start early Focus on reading and math Make schools smaller Make classes smaller Increase learning time Assess Train teachers Role of technology?