1. Chenzhe Qian

2. + Be useful as a education tool – Multi-level simulation – CMMB / Medical education + Assist biological researches – Prediction helps experiment designs – Save time and life + Challenging – Complex system – Not yet completely understand by biologists

3. + Simply consider kidney as a black box + Build mathematic model – Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney – Estimated creatinine clearance rate (eC Cr ) using Cockcroft-Gault formula – Estimated GFR (eGFR) using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula – Estimated GFR (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI formula

4. + Nephron + Animation – http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_deta ilpage&v=glu0dzK4dbU http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_deta ilpage&v=glu0dzK4dbU – http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf

6. + Compute concentrations of each type of molecules with equations at each subcomponent of nerphon + Wrap particle behaviors into swarm script operator + Simulate entire nerphon with particle system Advised by Sebastian

7. + Method – Start from organ level  Building math model to implement this level – Use particle system to implement sub-organ level  Visualize nerphron using particle system + Goals – Complete organ level – Complete nerphron visualization graphically, but not physically – Combine Douglas’s work to complete sub-organ level

8. + Suitable equations – Many equations out there – Most have assumptions – At different regions of nerphon need different equations + Multi-pathways – Different molecules have different pathways + Limit volume of particles – Control the particles flowing within the expected area without physics