4. Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome

7. New end-stage renal disease patients with diabetes, reported at 44.5% in 2003. Legend :

11. Charge and size of molecules prevent them from entering the urinary space

14. mesangial expansion glomerular basement membrane thickening glomerular sclerosis

19. Figure 1.15 Diabetic NHANES participants with glycosylated hemoglobin <7%, 1998-2012 Vol 1, CKD, Ch 119 Data Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–1994, 1999-2004 & 2007–2012 participants aged 20 & older. Single-sample estimates of eGFR & ACR; eGFR calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. Abbreviations: ACR, urine albumin/creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.