1. CHARACTERISTICS & QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
UNIT II
Reference: Introduction to Embedded Systems- Shibu KV

2. Characteristics of an ES
Application & Domain specific
Reactive & Real time
Operates in harsh environments
Distributed
Small size & weight
Power concerns

3. Quality Attributes Operational Quality attributes
Non-operational Quality attributes

4. Operational Attributes
Response
Throughput
Reliability
Maintainability
Security
Safety

5. Non-Operational Attributes
Testability & Debug-ability
Evolvability
Portability
Time to prototype & market
Per unit & per cost

6. Embedded Systems-Application & Domain Specific
UNIT II
Reference: Introduction to Embedded Systems- Shibu KV

7. APPLICATION SPECIFIC :WASHING MACHINE
ACTUATORS: agitator, tumble tub, water drawing pump, inlet valve etc.
SENSOR PART: water temperature sensor, level sensor
CONTROL UNIT: micro processor/controller based board (includes User Interface)

8. Working of the Washing Machine:
Types:
Top loading
Front loading
WASH PHASE
In top loading the agitator of the machine twists back & forth
Pulls the cloth to the bottom of the tub & upon reaching the clothes work their way up.
In front loading , the clothes are tumbled and plunged into the water over and over again.

9. SPIN PHASE
Water is pumped out of the tub and the inner tub uses centrifugal force to wring out more water from the clothes
The spinning at several hundred Rotations Per Minute(RPM).

10. AUTOMOTIVE- DOMAIN SPECIFIC ES.

11. INNER WORKINGS OF AUTOMOTIVE ES
Automotive ES takes control of the mechanical parts/systems
It varies from mirror & wiper controls to antilock brake systems(ABS) to air bag controller system.
They are built around a micro controller or DSPs or hybrid of both of them, known as ECU(electronic control unit)
Their can be any number of embedded controllers in a vehicle

12. Types of ECU. HIGH SPEED ECU:
Are deployed in critical control units that require fast response.
They include fuel injection systems , ABS, engine control , steering control.
LOW SPEED ECU:
Response is not time critical
Uses low cost micro controller or DSP.
For passenger and door locks , door glass controls, lamp controls etc.

13. AUTOMOTIVE COMMUNICATION BUSES
CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK( CAN)
Event driven protocol
Provides medium and high speed data transfer.
Supports error handling in data transmission.
Generally used in safety system like airbag control, ABS and navigation system like GPS.
LOCAL INTERCONNECT NETWORK (LIN):
Single master , multiple slaves communication network.
Low speed ,single wire communication interface
Used for sensor/actuator interfacing
Eg. Mirror controls , fan controls, seat positioning controls etc

14. MEDIA-ORIENTED SYSTEM TRANSPORT( MOST) BUS:
Is for automotive audio/video equipment interfacing
Is a multimedia fibre-optic point-to-point network
Its implemented in star/ring topology
It  transports audio, video, voice and data signals.
MOST technology is used in almost every car brand worldwide, including Audi, BMW, Hyundai, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mercedes- Benz, Porsche, Toyota, Volkswagen and Volvo.
Ms.Sarita Balakrishnan
Assistant Professor
SIES ,Sion(West).