1. Welcome!

2. Earth Science

3. What is Earth Science? Earth science - the scientific study of Earth and the universe around it Earth science - the scientific study of Earth and the universe around it began thousands of years ago with observations that could be seen with the unaided eye began thousands of years ago with observations that could be seen with the unaided eye Four branches of earth science - geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy Four branches of earth science - geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy

4. Origins China began observing and keeping records in 780 BC. China began observing and keeping records in 780 BC. The Greeks cataloged rocks and minerals around 200 BC The Greeks cataloged rocks and minerals around 200 BC Various people tracked the movements of the sun, moon, and planets at observatories Various people tracked the movements of the sun, moon, and planets at observatories

5. geology - the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth and the processes that shape Earth geology - the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth and the processes that shape Earth Many specialized fields of study Many specialized fields of study –earthquakes or volcanoes –exploration for natural resources such as coal and oil –study of Earth ’ s history through the study of rocks and fossils.

6. Oceanography oceanography the scientific study of the ocean oceanography the scientific study of the ocean –includes the properties and movement of ocean water, characteristics of the ocean floor, and the organisms that live in the ocean Some oceanographers study ocean water Some oceanographers study ocean water –Waves, tides, and ocean currents. –The ocean floor or the organisms that live in the oceans.

7. Meteorology meteorology the study of Earth’s atmosphere, especially in relation to weather and climate meteorology the study of Earth’s atmosphere, especially in relation to weather and climate Using satellites, radar, and other technologies, meteorologists study the atmospheric conditions that produce weather. They may use this information to prepare weather forecasts. Using satellites, radar, and other technologies, meteorologists study the atmospheric conditions that produce weather. They may use this information to prepare weather forecasts. Some meteorologists study climate, the patterns of weather that occur over long periods of time. Some meteorologists study climate, the patterns of weather that occur over long periods of time.

8. Astronomy astronomy -study of the universe astronomy -study of the universe Astronomy is one of the oldest branches of Earth science Astronomy is one of the oldest branches of Earth science Modern astronomers use Earth- based and space-based telescopes, as well as other instruments, to study the sun, the moon, the planets, and the universe. Modern astronomers use Earth- based and space-based telescopes, as well as other instruments, to study the sun, the moon, the planets, and the universe. Rovers and space probes have also contributed to new information and discoveries Rovers and space probes have also contributed to new information and discoveries

9. Branches cont. Environmental Science Environmental science - relatively new field of Earth science Environmental science - relatively new field of Earth science –Study human interaction with their environment Environmental scientists study many issues Environmental scientists study many issues –use of natural resources –Pollution –the health of plant and animal species on Earth.

10. Quick questions 1. How have earth scientists improved our understanding of the world? 2. Explain what oceanographers do. 3. How has technology affected astronomy?

11. Importance Natural forces shape Earth and affect life on Earth. By understanding how natural forces shape our environment, we can better predict potential disasters and help save lives and property. Natural forces shape Earth and affect life on Earth. By understanding how natural forces shape our environment, we can better predict potential disasters and help save lives and property. The work of Earth scientists helps us understand our place in the universe. The work of Earth scientists helps us understand our place in the universe. The study of Earth science can help us gain access to Earth ’ s resources, and to help people use those resources wisely. The study of Earth science can help us gain access to Earth ’ s resources, and to help people use those resources wisely.

12. Science and society The work of people, including scientists, is influenced by their cultural and personal beliefs. The work of people, including scientists, is influenced by their cultural and personal beliefs. Science is a part of society, and advances in science can have important and long-lasting effects on both science and society. Science is a part of society, and advances in science can have important and long-lasting effects on both science and society. New advances can also have a negative effect and these effects must be considered when doing science New advances can also have a negative effect and these effects must be considered when doing science

13. Notebook Questions What is an advance in science that has an important or long lasting effect? What is an advance in technology/science that can have a negative effect?

14. Scientific Method

15. Why the scientific method? Scientific community has developed organized and logical approaches Scientific community has developed organized and logical approaches Allows for a guideline of to solve a scientific problem Allows for a guideline of to solve a scientific problem Helps solve scientific problems Helps solve scientific problems

16. Steps 1.Observation- the process of obtaining information by using the senses 2.Hypothesis -an idea or explanation that is based on observation and that can be tested 3.Test the Hypothesis An experiment is a procedure that is carried out according to certain guidelines. A.Variables a)Manipulative b)Responding 4.Conclusion-After many experiments and observations, a scientist may reach conclusions about his or her hypothesis. 5.Alter Hypothesis or make a new hypothesis

17. Observation OUTSIDE OUTSIDE