1. Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)
result of an extra chromosome 21
1:700 children
characteristic facial features, short stature; heart defects, shorter lifespan… etc.
has been correlated to the age of the mother but can also be result of nondisjunction of father’s chromosome 21

2. Down Syndrome

3. Patau Syndrome (trisomy 13)
serious eye, brain, circulatory defects as well as cleft palate
1:5000
children rarely live more than a few months

4. Klinefelter syndrome: XXY
47 chromosomes
affects the sexual/gender specific characteristics
Usually male sex organs with other female body characteristics
Normal intelligence

5. Jacob’s Syndrome XYY males
individuals taller than average, often with below normal intelligence

6. Trisomy X XXX metafemales 1:1000 live births healthy and fertile
usually cannot be distinguished from normal female except by karyotype

7. Monosomy X – Turner’s Syndrome
Only one sex chromosome – X
1:5000
Only monosomy that will produce viable offspring in humans
Only have 45 chromosomes
Do not mature sexually during puberty and are sterile (cannot reproduce)
Short stature and normal intelligence
98% of these fetuses die