1. Solutions

2. We all use Chemical Solutions Average Family spends: $ _________ / year on chemical solutions? Make-up, laundry detergent, motor oil, gasoline, food preservatives, deodorant, lawn fertilizers & weed killers, shampoo, air fresheners, floor wax, furniture polish, toothpaste, mouthwash, oven cleaner, glass cleaner, etc… 1200

3. Definitions Solution -Solution - homogeneous mixture Solvent Solvent - present in greater amount Solute Solute - substance being dissolved

4. Types of Solutions SoluteSolventSolution Gaseous Solutions gas liquid gas air (nitrogen, oxygen, argon gases) humid air (water vapor in air) Liquid Solutions gas liquid solid liquid carbonated drinks (CO 2 in water) vinegar (CH 3 COOH in water) salt water (NaCl in water) Solid Solutions liquid Solid gas solid Solid solid dental amalgam (Hg in Ag) sterling silver (Cu in Ag) Pop Rocks! (CO 2 in sugar) Charles H.Corwin, Introductory Chemistry 2005, page 369

5. Na + Cl - NaCl solid salt NaCl (aq) = Na + = Cl - Dissolving of solid NaCl Animation by Raymond Chang All rights reserved.

6. Solvation Solvation –Solvation – the process of dissolving solute particles are separated and pulled into solution solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles

7. Polar water molecules interact with positive and negative ions Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 468 Animation

8. Oil and Water Don’t Mix Oil is nonpolar Water is polar “Like dissolves like” Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 470

9. As size, rate As T o, rate 3. mixing Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution 1. temperature 2. particle size 4. nature of solvent or solute More mixing, rate

10. Making solutions In order to dissolve the solvent molecules must come in contact with the solute. Stirring moves fresh solvent next to the solute. The solvent touches the surface of the solute. Smaller pieces increase the amount of surface of the solute.

11. Non-Solution Definitions insoluble:“will NOT dissolve in” e.g., sand and water immiscible:refers to two gases or two liquids that will NOT form a solution e.g., water and oil suspension:appears uniform while being stirred, but settles over time