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UNIT 4 EXTENSION Solutions and Solubility
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What is a solution? solution homogeneous A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. evenly distributed Homogeneous: a mixture that is uniform throughout; the particles are evenly distributed
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Parts of a solution A solution contains at least 2 components: Solute Solute: the substance being dissolved; example: salt Solvent Solvent: substance doing the dissolving; it is the major component in the solution; example: water
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Universal Solvent universal solvent Water is known as the universal solvent because so many different substances can dissolve in water. Are there substances that do not dissolve in water? Yes! Examples: Sand Plastic Cotton Rubber
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Solutions any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas) mixed together A solution can be any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas) mixed together Examples: Brass Brass: solution of zinc metal (s) dissolved in copper metal (s) Alloy Alloy: solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals Pop Pop: carbon dioxide (gas) dissolved in water (l) Vinegar Vinegar: acetic acid (l) dissolved in water (l)
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Identifying the solute and solvent Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT. Ocean Water: salt and water Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO 2 gas Gold Jewelry: gold and copper Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water Sterling Silver: silver and copper
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Solubility Solubility Solubility: the maximum quantity of a solute (in grams) that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent (in grams) at a specified temperature.
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Concentration Concentration Concentration: how much solute is in a solution Concentrated solution Concentrated solution: large amount of solute Dilute solution Dilute solution: a small amount of solute Which solution is more concentrated?
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Concentration Unsaturated solution Unsaturated solution: a solution that can dissolve more solute Saturated solution Saturated solution: a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at the given temperature Supersaturated solution Supersaturated solution: solution that holds more solute than it normally would at a cooler temperature.
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3 Factors that Affect Dissolving Increase surface area Increase surface area makes the solute dissolve more quickly.
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3 Factors that Affect Dissolving Stirring Stirring: moves dissolved solute away so the rest can interact with the solvent
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3 Factors that Affect Dissolving Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy) Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy): particles move faster and collide more often dissolving solute faster Most gases become less soluble in water as the temperature increases.
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Methods to Separate Mixtures Evaporation or Distillation Evaporation or Distillation: Uses boiling points
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Methods to Separate Mixtures Magnetism Magnetism: ideal for separating solids in which one of them has magnetic properties
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Methods to Separate Mixtures Centrifuge Centrifuge: uses density where layers are formed based on density of materials
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Methods to Separate Mixtures Filtering Filtering: separates large particles from smaller ones
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Methods to Separate Mixtures Chromatography Chromatography: The various components of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. Example: Paper Chromatography
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