1. 1 Choosing the Title Often the title reflects the problem statement Avoid wasted words Analysis of A study of Titles should convey content An analysis of training The impact of whistle training on the performance of guide dogs undergoing a six week intensive training program on the lower eastern shore The impact of whistle training on guide dog performance Long Short

2. 2 Writing the Introduction Pitfalls of Scientific Jargon wrote the Bureau of Standards saying he found that hydrochloric acid was good for cleaning clogged drains. The efficacy of hydrochloric acid is indisputable, but the corrosive residue is incompatible with metallic permanence. replied that he was glad the Bureau agreed. Clarified by saying: We cannot assume responsibility for the production of toxic and noxious residues and suggest that you use an alternative procedure. The plumber The Bureau of Standards The plumber The Bureau of Standards replied that he was glad the Bureau agreed. The plumber The Bureau of Standards Don’t use hydrochloric acid. It eats the hell out of pipes! Day, R.D., (1988). How to write and publish a scientific paper 3 rd ed., Phoenix: Oryx Press.

3. 3 Good Introductions Introductory paragraphs create interest Introduce background of study Explain the rationale HOW TO GET STARTED In recent years…The dietary habits of Americans… There has been considerable…Several models have been… This investigation is designed…One question that remains… Introduction Background Lead-in

4. 4 The Problem Statement A succinct description of what the study will aim to accomplish Control Variable- feeding time Categorical Variable- gender of dog Independent variable- bell Dependent variable- saliva Good problem statements avoid syntax errors Comparison of sprinters and distance runners on anaerobic power To compare the anaerobic power of sprinters and distance runners while running up a flight of stairs or

5. 5 Presenting the Research Hypotheses The expected results of the study Experimental hypothesis Participation in health curriculum courses will positively influence healthy practices Participation in health curriculum will negatively influence risky behaviors Null Hypothesis No differences are expected from the treatment (curriculum)

6. 6 Operational Definitions An observable phenomenon Terminology must be precisely defined Fatigue Fitness level Fit vs. unfit Skill level High vs low skill Strength Fatigue – inability to maintain a peddling rate of 50 rpm for 10 consecutive minutes

7. 7 Assumptions Delimitations and Limitations Assumptions Certain conditions will exist Physical conditions are similar for all subjects Physical exercise was strenuous for all Behavior can be observed Strength gains should occur with training Measures used to assess strength are valid and reliable Assumptions Certain conditions will exist Physical conditions are similar for all subjects Physical exercise was strenuous for all Behavior can be observed Strength gains should occur with training Measures used to assess strength are valid and reliable Delimitations The scope of the study Particular tests you may use Study restricted to selected subjects Limitations Short-comings of the experiment Influences that you can not control Delimitations The scope of the study Particular tests you may use Study restricted to selected subjects Limitations Short-comings of the experiment Influences that you can not control

8. 8 Study Significance From previous studies include Contradictory findings Gaps in previous knowledge Difficulties in measurement Importance of theory verification