1. CONFIDENTIAL

2. Reliable Resilient Real-time Flood Warning Network James Logan, OneRain,

3. Flood Warning

4. Summary What is in a real-time monitoring network? How can it be made it reliable and resilient? –Identify single points of failure, options for mitigating single points of failure –Based on risk and cost, implement redundancy where it makes sense

5. Components of the Real-Time Environmental Monitoring System What make a real-time monitoring network?

6. What does it mean to be reliable and resilient? Reliability is the achieved outcome –It is up every time it is needed –Data is available anytime/anywhere Resiliency lies in the design and maintenance Design minimizes single points of failure Strong maintenance practices and tracking help achieve accountable performance

7. Telemetry Affordable and sustainable –Power management, cost, vandalism issues Timely delivery –Flash flooding requires real-time data Reliable paths –RF and network Redundant paths increase data reliability

8. Gauge Site Failures –Is redundancy required here? –If you lose a sensor, will your operations fail? Repeater Failures –If you lose a repeater, what data are lost? Analyze for points of failure

9. Base Station Failures –Power, antenna, receiver, decoder; Will one failure take the system down? –Connectivity for dissemination; How many users are impacted? Will alarms go out? Analyze for points of failure

10. Reliable networks are designed to avoid single points of failure Move single points of failure out to gauges Redundant telemetry at repeater sites –Independent receive/transmit, different data channels (ALERT, satellite, IP, cell, ALERT2™) Redundant data receive sites –Geographically distributed, diverse mechanisms

11. Mitigating missing rain gauges Importance of rain gauges –If a gauge does not participate, you have lost that area of rainfall monitoring, could be a critical catchment GARR lessens impact of lost rain gauges –Gauges used to calibrate radars superior spatial coverage –No loss of information at gauge that failed, less certainty of overall accuracy than with the gauge

12. Rain gauges vs. gauges + radar Gauge-only rainfall estimates Gauge-adjusted radar rainfall estimates

13. Reliable networks are well-maintained, their performance held accountable Solid, standardized maintenance practices –Routine/proactive scheduled maintenance –Good trouble recognition and troubleshooting –Daily analysis of data, statistical tools Performance accountability –Daily/monthly/annual reporting to show sensor, network availability

14. Data collection & dissemination Reliable/redundant receive points –Safe archiving once data arrive –Lost gauge data are irreplaceable Accessibility –Anytime/anywhere access –Usability Appropriate security –Authorized users? What should the public see?

15. Real life examples

16. Los Angeles County Redundant repeater path ALERT RF and StormLink™ Satellite Concentrators at Repeaters Redundant base stations DIADvisor™ and Contrail ® Web for Base Station Redundancy

17. Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District Redundant repeater path ALERT RF and ALERT2™ at Repeaters Redundant base stations Mission critical customer agencies of UDFCD have their own base station receiver and software as backup to UDFCDs website

18. Monterey County Repeater Redundancy ALERT RF and StormLink™ IP Concentrator at repeater Base Station Redundancy Local DIADvior™ Base Station and Contrail ® Web for base station redundancy

19. Napa County Repeater Redundancy ALERT RF and StormLink™ Satellite concentrator at repeater Base Station Redundancy Local DIADvisor™ Base Station and Contrail ® Web for base station redundancy

20. Summary Identify single points of failure Investigate options for reducing single points of failure –Network backbone –Base Stations Based on risk and cost, implement redundancy where it makes sense

21. Thanks! Questions?

22. CONFIDENTIAL

23. StormLink™ Satellite Telemetry L – Band 20 second latency Independent channel Independent infrastrucure –Contrail ® Web

24. StormLink™ rainfall example Remote Site VPN Tunnel Radar Datagauge Data Customized Products MSAT Satellite Downlink Reston, VA Internet TCP/IP X.25 Contrail® client Client Application (DIADvisor™, other) XML http

25. Network Evaluations Harris County, TX Louisville MSD, KY Overland Park, KS Clark County, NV Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District Southern CA ALERT Network (SCAN) Maricopa County, AZ Entergy Corporation

26. Site design issues, for example: –Good capture by rain gauge? –PT in the water at low levels? –Vulnerability to high flows? Representative monitoring, for example: –Rainfall – are gauge data used alone or to calibrate radar (don’t need as many gauges with GARR)? Monitoring components

27. BOR/BIA Dam Safety Project Since 2004 130+ high risk, high hazard dams Contrail® Web with automated alarms & notifications Supporting National Monitoring Center, staffed 24/7

28. Louisville/Jefferson County MSD Since 2003 Real-time control support MSD, USGS and METAR gauges OneRainware™ GARR –Real-time, 4-hour forecast Contrail ® Web with automated alarms & notifications

29. StormLink™ rainfall example Remote Site VPN Tunnel MSAT Satellite Downlink Reston, VA Internet TCP/IP X.25 Contrail® client Client Application (DIADvisor™, other) XML http