1. BLENDING EVOLUTION WITH REVOLUTION: a new cycle of library automation spins on Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding VALA 2010: connections.content.conversations 10 February 2010 Melbourne

2. Abstract Marshall Breeding, based on his ongoing research and analysis of the product, technology, and business trends of the library automation industry, will give his perspective on the current state of the field and what libraries can expect over the next few years. While some companies will continue a stable and evolutionary path, others articulate more dramatic changes in their strategies. Open source ILS options have already repainted the landscape, with new community source projects underway that promise additional change. The industry drives forward on two fronts, one focusing on automating internal library processes and the other providing new ways for users to discovery and access library collections. Major tech trends such as the rapid rise in smart mobile devices, the shift from local computing to platform-as-a-service cloud computing bring new mandates of change that demand new directions of innovation. These cycles all turn within an economic climate that presents great challenges in the levels of resources that libraries can bring to the table.

3. Current state of the industry

4. Library Technology Guides

5. Dynamics of the ILS market http://www.librarytechnology.org/ils-turnover.pl

6. ILS market in Australia – Public http://www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-ils-marketshare.pl?Country=Australia&Type=Public

7. ILS market in Australia – Academic http://www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-ils-marketshare.pl?Country=Australia&Type=Academic

8. Perceptions 2009  Third annual survey  Survey results were gathered November 4, 2009 -- January 11, 201  2,098 responses  109 Australia + New Zealand  Published only through Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2009.pl

9. How satisfied is the library with your current Integrated Library System (ILS)?

10. How likely is it that this library would consider implementing an open source ILS?

11. Perceptions 2009 -- observations  Products and companies focusing on smaller libraries and narrower niches generally receive higher perception scores  Companies supporting proprietary ILS products receive generally higher satisfaction scores than companies involved with open source ILS.  Except for the libraries already using an open source ILS, the survey reflected low levels of interest, even when the company rates their satisfaction with their current proprietary ILS and its company as poor.

12. Library Journal Automation Marketplace  Published annually in April 1 issue  Based on data provided by each vendor  Focused primarily on North America  Context of global library automation market

13. Annual Industry report published in Library Journal:  2010: ???  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer LJ Automation Marketplace

14. System Name20012002200320042005200620072008 AGent VERSO 141962315544724 Evergreen 6 Voyager 5044352234124 5 ALEPH 500 80585153836729 26 Vubis Smart 1334545660564046 V-Smart 11 Millennium 15713614411910795 64 Koha (Classic/ZOOM) 305740 Library.Solution 7970735841343532 Carl.X / Carl.Solution 131000 Polaris ILS 12212037395432 56 Unicorn 1172071241349171121108 Horizon 12611416819314794150 Virtua 3760673525273039 ILS Sales Statistics: total

15. Key Context: Libraries in Transition  Shift from Print > Electronic  Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases  Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections  Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

16. Key Context: Library Users in Transition  New generations of library users:  Millennial generation Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help  Web savvy / Digital natives  Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts /  Inherently collaborative work styles

17. Key Context: Technologies in transition  XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture  Beyond Web 2.0 Integration of social computing into core infrastructure  Local computing shifting to cloud platforms SaaS / private cloud / public cloud  Full spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

18. Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene  Evolutionary ILS  Revolutionary ILS  Open source and Licensed alternatives http://www.uoguelph.ca/theportico/science/people/

19. Evolutionary path  Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms  Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services  SirsiDynix  Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony  Innovative  INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore  Civica  Urica > Spydus (Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

20. Evolution vs. Revolution  The library automation market has a long-standing preference of evolved systems  Very difficult and lengthy process to build a new library automation system from scratch  Legacy systems bring forward both rich functionality as well as concepts tied to the past

21. Revolutionary Path  Ex Libris URM  Kuali OLE  WorldCat Management System

22.  Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS  Millennium, Symphony, Polaris  Traditional Open Source ILS  Evergreen, Koha  Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready)  Ex Libris URM, OLE Project  Cloud-based automation system  WorldCat Local (+circ, acq, license management) Competing Models of Library Automation

23. Rethinking library automation  Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries  Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries  Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content  New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS  Working toward a new model of library automation  Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications  Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

24. Ex Libris URM  “integrates back-office processes across all library materials, regardless of type, format, and acquisition method”  “reduces effort and lowers costs associated with metadata management”  “a flexible environment for libraries to join forces …”  “service-oriented architecture and fully-documented Web services”

25. Kuali OLE  Mellon funded project to create new enterprise level automation platform for research libraries  1-year planning project led by Duke University  Manage resources of all formats  More than an ILS / Less than an ILS  Community Source / Open Source

26. OLE Project: Phase I  Planning and Design Phase  Develop Vision + Blueprint  Work with consultants with expertise in SOA and BPM  Instill community ownership of OLE  Recruit partners for Phase II

27. OLE Team @ Duke

28. Regional Workshops  Conduct business process modeling (BPM) exercises  Define library workflows which must be supported in OLE  Small group work to develop descriptions of library workflows  Workshop output will shape project design

29. OLE Project: Phase II  2-year build project led by Indiana University  $2.38 million from Mellon matched by capital and in-kind contributions by development partners  Community source reference implementation  Create software based on OLE blueprint from current project  Early software in 18-24 months  High level of investment and commitment to implementation

30. OCLC Management System  "the first Web-scale, cooperative library management service”  New highly scaleable platform for WorldCat  Cataloging  Interlibrary loan  Discovery (WorldCat Local)  Circulation  Acquisitions  License Management In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/2009 http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6653619.html http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6653619.html

31. Open Source Library Automation  Koha  Evergreen  Kuali OLE

32.  US: LibLime, Equinox, MediaFlex  Australia/NZ: Katipo, CALYX information essentials, Strategic Data, Catalyst  Building support  Concept of open source  Promotion of specific products  Struggling to meet expectations  Satisfaction lower than many companies offering proprietary products  Some companies offering proprietary products score much lower than open source Open Source Companies

33. What does it mean to be Open?

34. Open source version of legacy models? Or New opportunities to support modern libraries? Is Open Source ILS transformative

35. Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality? This report aims to assess the current slate of major library automation systems in regard to their ability to provide openness through APIs, Web services, and the adoption of SOA. Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding

36. Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality? “We also note that the two open source systems lag behind proprietary systems in terms of customer-facing APIs that result in tangible activities which extend functionality or enable interoperability.” Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding

37. Opening up Library Systems through Web Services and SOA: Hype or Reality? “The APIs available to library programmers continue to be quirky and less than comprehensive, even from the vendors with the strongest offerings in this area.” Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by Marshall Breeding

38. Closed Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer Programmer access:

39. Standard RDBM Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Database administrators can access data stores involved with the system: Read-only? Read/write? Developer shares database schema Programmer access:

40. Open Source Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: All aspects of the system available to inspection and modification. Programmer access:

41. Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

42. Open Source / Open API Model Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: Core application closed. Third party developers code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables. Programmer access: Published APIs

43. Visualizing the API

44. Application based on Internal Proprietary programming Core Functionality / Business Logic Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces Core Software Data stores

45. Application with abstract Database API Core Functionality / Business Logic Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces Core Software Data stores RDMS API

46. Application with abstract Database API Core Functionality / Business Logic Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces Core Software Data stores RDMS API External applications

47. Application with API abstraction layer Core Functionality / Business Logic Application Programming Interfaces Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces API abstraction layer Core Software Data stores RDMS API

48. Application API exposed to External Applications Core Functionality / Business Logic Application Programming Interfaces Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces API abstraction layer Core Software Data stores RDMS API External applications

49. Application API exposed to External Applications Core Functionality / Business Logic Application Programming Interfaces Public Interface Staff Interface Reports Module Delivered Interfaces use proprietary programming Core Software Data stores RDMS API External applications

50. From local discovery to Web-scale discovery New models of Library Collection Discovery

51. Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the Web  Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons  Google Search / Google Scholar  Amazon.com  Wikipedia  Ask.com

52. Evolution of library collection discovery tools  Bound handwritten catalogs  Card Catalogs  Library online catalogs – OPACs  Discovery interfaces  Web-scale discovery services

53. Moving beyond this…

54. The Competition

55. Disjointed approach to information and service delivery  Silos Prevail  Books: Library OPAC (ILS module)  Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections  OpenURL linking services  E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)  Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections  Metasearch engines  All searched separately

56. Lack of unified Web presence  User’s don’t understand the distinctions we make  Web site content  Search interfaces based on content formats  Non-library Web sites are much more unified

57. A simple vision  A single point of entry to all the content and services offered by the library  …but with precision, nuanced sophistication, and multiple dimensions Search:

58. Modernized Interface  Single search box  Query tools  Did you mean  Type-ahead  Relevance ranked results  Faceted navigation  Enhanced visual displays  Cover art  Summaries, reviews,  Recommendation services

59. Online Catalog vs. Discovery Layer  Online Catalog  Interface conventions from an earlier Web era  Scope: Tied to the ILS and its content domain  Discovery Layer  Modern interface elements  Scope: aims to address broad range of components that constitute library collections

60. Discovery Products http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

61. Decoupled from ILS

62. Social discovery  Tags, user-supplied ratings and reviews  Leverage social networking interactions to assist readers in identifying interesting materials: BiblioCommons  Leverage use data for a recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris bX service

63. Deep indexing  Metadata can no longer serve as the only basis for discovery  Increasing opportunities to search the full contents  Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, government publications, etc.  High-quality metadata will improve search precision  Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” and searching across the full text of large book collections  Important transition to full-text book search beginning in library projects  HathiTrust indexing 6 million volumes  Must become a routine component of library discovery  Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata

64. Discovery product Trend  Initial products focused on technology  AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VUfind  Mostly locally-installed software  Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery  Summon (Serials Solutions)  WorldCat Local (OCLC)  EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)  Primo Central  Encore with Article Integration

65. Beyond Federated search  Federated Search / Metasearch use real-time queries against multiple information targets  No centralized index – presentation of dynamic results  Shallow results -- only a few results initially fetched from each target  Difficult to calculate relevancy  Performance challenges

66. Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data

67. Discovery Interface Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data Local Index MetaSearch Engine

68. Web-scale Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data

69. Web-scale Search + Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Fed Search Non- harvestable Resources Non- harvestable Resources

70. Beyond local discovery interfaces  Pre-populated indexes  Web-scale  Exploits the full depth and breadth of library collections  Beyond the bounds of the local library’s collection  Targets the universe of objective, vetted library content  Includes full-text indexing to the fullest extent possible

71. Pre-populated discovery services  New-generation interface  Harvested local content  ILS metadata  Institutional repositories, ETDs, Digital Collection platforms  Vendor-supplied indexes of library content  E-journals, databases, e-books Full-text and metadata corresponding to e-content subscriptions  Book collections beyond local library collections

72. NCSU – Summon

73. Phoenix Public -- Endeca

74. Queens Public – AquaBrowser

75. The next new front for Library Discovery Mobile

76. Mobile access to library content and services  New opportunity to retain and attract library users  Mobile web and apps  Working toward a unified Mobile library presence  Unify disjointed mobile silos the same ambitions as we have for our the Web

77. Sampling of mobile products  North Carolina State University  Early work in mobile web development  SirsiDynix – BookMyne  Polaris Mobile PAC  Summon Mobile app  LibraryAnywhere from LibraryThing  Apps for many content products  EBSCOhost Mobile

78. NCSU Mobile

79.  Highly abstracted model of computing  Displaces the need for local hardware and software  Provisioned on demand  Metered use of storage and computing cycles  Platform-as-a-service  Storage-as-a-service  Emerging model for library discovery and automation  Increasingly dubbed “Web-scale” Shift toward cloud-based computing platforms

80.  Library funding cuts widespread  Many automation projects on hold  Pressure to accept lowest-cost alternatives rather than higher cost preferred options  Hope that open source software will provide savings  Economic pressure may necessitate innovation Libraries feel the pain of the economy

81. What will the library automation scene look like in 5 years? Outlook

82. Outlook for the next 5 years  Most libraries will be using evolved systems  Confidence level: 95og%  Increasing ranks of next-generation LMS  80%  Library resource discovery matures  90%  Mobile  80%  Transition from local to cloud computing  50%

83. Questions and discussion

84. Thanks!