3. FISH Note the size of the heart Note the intestinal tract Note the respiratory system

4. Shark: FISH Note the size of the heart Note the uterus and embryo (anomaly) Note the digestive tract Note the respiratory system

5. FROG 1. Heart (ventricle) 2. Lung 3. Spleen 4. Liver 5. Stomach 6. Small intestine 7. Large intestine 8. Kidney 9. Urinary bladder 10. Oviduct 11. Fat bodies Note the size of the heart Note the intestinal tract

6. TURTLE: Reptile Note the size of the heart Note the intestinal tract

7. Pigeon: BIRD Note the size of the heart Note the crop and gizzard Note the intestinal tract

8. Pig: MAMMAL 1)Lungs for efficient air exchange--oxygen fuel for endothermy. 2)Heart (strong and large) for efficient oxygen and nutrient transmission--important for endothermy 3)Small intenstines long and folded for efficient nutrient absorption--important for endothermy 4)Kidneys concentrate liquid wastes--important for water conservation on land 5)Reproductive organs allow for internal fertilization--important for land survival 6)Fat and fur for heat insulation --important for endothermy 7)High muscle mass. 4 limbs--more rapid movement (possible due to endothermy) 8)Ribs protect thoracic cavity (all vertebrates, but especially strong in land vertebrates) 9)Stomach fairly large (under liver), allows for large food intake-- important for endothermy 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 8 9 Liver

9. Node: Specific trait. Organisms branching to right HAVE this trait. Organisms branching to left DO NOT have this trait. Family tree that branches systematically at points (nodes) representing specific traits possessed by some groups, but not others. Branches: Organisms