1. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011  Authors: Reinhard BREHMERWIEN ENERGIE Stromnetz GmbH - Austria Thomas SCHUSTERWIEN ENERGIE Stromnetz GmbH – Austria Theodor CONNORSiemens AG - Germany Christine SCHWAEGERLSiemens AG – Germany Wolfram H. WELLSSOWTechnical University Kaiserslautern - Germany Wellssow – DE – Session 5 – Paper ID 364 A STRUCTURED APPROACH FOR SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION

2. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Challenges, Targets and Solution Development  Challenges Meet environmental constraints Increasing share of DG and new loads Economical challenges; building new grids with regulated tariffs  Targets Conversion  from top-down „blind“ distribution systems  to active, interactive, „intelligent“ and transparent MV/LV systems  Solution development Start from objectives to be met rather than technologies  Identify technical feasibility  Analyse cost and benefit  Develop roadmap

3. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Objectives of Distribution System Development ObjectiveInvestorBeneficiaryConcept and Technology Securing supply reliability Grid operatorPower consumer Grid operator (in case of quality regulation)  Distribution grid automation  New grid concepts  Equipment monitoring Improvement of voltage quality Grid operatorPower consumer Grid operator (in case of quality regulation)  Participation of distributed generators in voltage control  DSM (based on smart metering)  LV-transformers with on-load tap changers (OLTC)  Reactive power control by power electronics at grid side  New grid concepts Reduction of / equal low grid loading Grid operator Metering service provider Grid operator  Distribution grid automation  DSM (based on smart metering)  Storage Loss reduction - technical - non technical Grid operator Metering service provider Grid operator Power consumer (reduced bill)  New grid concepts  Participation of distributed generators in voltage control  DSM (based on smart metering) Simplified grid operation Grid operator  Distribution grid automation  New grid concepts Active power balancing Metering service provider Energy supplier Energy trader Energy supplier Balancing responsible party  Participation of distributed generators in active power balancing  DSM (based on smart metering)  Virtual power plants  Storage

4. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Storage Options for Active Power Balancing

5. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Wien Energie Stromnetz GmbH (WES)  Biggest DSO in Austria  System characteristics >11 TWh demand 2,000 km 2 supply area 2 Million customers 1,5 Million meters 40 substations 380/110 kV to 20 or 10 kV >10,000 MV/LV transformer stations 22,000 km line length

6. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 WES Grid Concept as of today MV LV Ring feeder with open connections to other feeders Open meshed network with loop-through technique

7. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 The Way to a Future-Proof Distribution Grid  New Requirements at MV and LV levels Securing power quality (e.g. voltage control) Reduction of grid losses  Measures Definition and implementation of new target structures for the MV- and LV-grid Implementation of communication between all grid users to maintain high quality of supply

8. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Technology Choice for the MV grid  Open-ring scheme will be kept  Elimination of abundant connections  New average number of transformer stations per line 10 for the 10-kV-grid  Every 5 th station with connection to another feeder 20 for the 20-kV-grid  Every 10 th station with connection to another feeder  Maximum line current 60 % of rated  Identification of important nodes About 10 – 20 % of total Adaptation for SCADA monitoring preferable via fiber optics

9. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Technology Choice for the LV grid  Implementation of a LV control system Each LV feeder measured at the transformer station On-line power-flow calculation  2 options for grid enhancement Transformers with OLTC  High cost and difficult replacement Additional switches placed in important nodes  Turns „open-meshed networks“ into „meshed networks“  Comparably easy and stepwise implementation  Advantages of additional switches Reduction of grid losses at LV level Easier implementation Knowledge of load-flow enables control of DG and EV charging

10. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Roadmap  Stepwise transition from today to advanced smart Will take minimum 20 years Securing substantial investments for so many measures over such a long period (Regulation! New tariff-structure needed)  Optimization program started Elimination of abundant lines All new or refurbished transformer stations equipped with monitoring Additional breakers and earth-fault indicators installed preferably in feeders with OHL

11. Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. W.H. Wellssow Technical University Kaiserslautern Chair for Energy Systems and Energy Management Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse Building 11, Room 332 D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Contact Information Email: wellssow@eit.uni-kl.de Tel: +49 (0)631/205-2021 Fax: +49 (0)631/205-2168 Secretary Mrs. Haessel +49 (0)631/205-2826 www.eit.uni-kl.de/wcms/esem.htmlwellssow@eit.uni-kl.de