1. The energy balance in Finland The 7th Oslo Group Meeting, Helsinki 25.10.2012 Leena Timonen leena.timonen@stat.fi

2. Compiling of energy balance in Finland Energy Balance sheets have been compiled at Statistics Finland since 1993 (earlier in the Ministry of Trade and Industry) In 1998 methodology was revised and harmonised with international “common” methodolgy (ie. physical energy content method) The energy balance is compiled on annual basis (calendar year) Energy commodity balance is compiled (ie. balance between energy supply and consumption) for all energy sources (in physical unit or in TJ) Commodity balances are used as data source for overall energy balance 25.10.20122Leena Timonen

3. Data sources for energy balance Energy statistics system uses multiple data soures The majority of the basic data for energy statistics are collected by Statistics Finland, obtained from other statistical authorities or administrative data sources Statistics Finland is obliged to utilize as much as possible the data sources that are collected by other organisations (Statistics Act) Energy statistics is also feeded to certain extent with the data from associations and federation operating in the field of energy “written” agreements on collaboration agreed methodology in data collection common fuel classification quality control (in case of annual statistics) used mainly in monthly statistics (with some exceptions) The model for estimating consumption patters of space heating and water heating has been developped in 1997 and thoroughly revised in 2010 and 2011 25.10.20123Leena Timonen

4. Modelling as a data source: e.g. Estimation model for space heating and water heating 25.10.20124Leena Timonen The model uses all relevant data sources available and creates a data system which is consistent and fits the frames. In the model space heating is calculated as the sum of main heating system and the supplementary systems In the model the heating patterns are estimated using the following main data sources: surveys: e.g. district heating statistics (annual), fuel wood consumption in small-sized dwellings, Household Budget survey, sales data of heat pumps (annual), natural gas statistics (annual), Households electricity consumption admininistrative data sources: the housing and building stock, tax-based information from Tax Administration, metering: Heating degree day data (monthly), measurement of electricity consumption and diary study of app. 100 household with relevat analysis inc. model testing and weighing for representativeness (in 2006) tecnology assumptions/research-inform.: energy efficiency values of dwellings, expert estimations: e.g. consumption of domestic water per occupant among different types of building and heatings systems The results are validated against energy commodity balances

5. Statistics Finland Modelling (eg. estimation model for space and water heating /StatFin) Direct data collection: - Monthly and annual data collection - Censuses and surveys - Additional questions to existing other surveys Other international reporting Greenhouse gas inventory Indicators Other information service National publications /statistics releases Statistics on internet eg. - Energy supply and consumption - Energy prices - Energy use in manufacturing ind. - Production of elecricity and heat - Energy consumption in housing Publications /Energy CD: Energy Statistics -yearbook, Energy in Finland Energy balance sheet Pocketbook and other Statistical Yearbooks Reporting oblications to EU Energy statistics regulation - Monthly reporting - Annual reporting (IEA, UN) Other directives eg. - monitoring of renewable energy sources, CHP-prod., biofuels in transportation, - New: Energy efficiency (EED) IEA, European Commision /DG Energy, UN, FAO etc. Energy flows: *Indigenous production *Imports *Exports *Stocks *Transformation *Transmission, distribut. *Consumption by end use sectors *Non-energy use Energy flows: *Indigenous production *Imports *Exports *Stocks *Transformation *Transmission, distribut. *Consumption by end use sectors *Non-energy use Energy Prices and Taxes Electricity and fuel stock prices, consumer price, import prices, energy taxes etc. Energy Prices and Taxes Electricity and fuel stock prices, consumer price, import prices, energy taxes etc. Energy products: * Oil, Coal, Natural gas, Biomass, Electricity & Heat etc. Energy products: * Oil, Coal, Natural gas, Biomass, Electricity & Heat etc. Eg. energy consumption by sectors (non-point sources) 25.10.20125Leena Timonen Other statistical authorities Direct data collection carried out by: eg. -National Board of Customs (foreign trade stat) -Information Centre of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tike (energy cons. in agriculture) Administrative data sources Administrative data /databases, eg: - emission monitoring and environment loading data system /Environment administration - annual monitoring data of EU/ETS /Emission trading authority Data/statistics from associations (NGOs) Researches, ad hoc surveys etc. - used mainly in short terms statistics - “written” agreements on collaboration - common classification, agreed methodology, quality control Energy accounts (new) *Technical characteristics of certain technologies, * Activity Information Such as GDP, value added,, produced tonns, population *Technical characteristics of certain technologies, * Activity Information Such as GDP, value added,, produced tonns, population Data sources Outcome: statistics

6. Common national fuel classification 25.10.20126Leena Timonen Harmonised fuel/energy classification fasilitates the compilation process of EB Introduced in year 2005 Widely use in all organisations, which collect energy data surveys and energy statistics /Statistics Finland GHG-inventory /Statistics Finland Electricity and heat statistics /Energy industries (association) annual monitoring data of EU/ETS /Emission trading authority annual reports for emission monitoring and environment loading data system /Environment administration Other non-governmental organisations in the energy field (or on aggregated level) Regular review every second year (updated if necessary) Includes average default NCV values and CO2 default values for all fuels www.tilastokeskus.fi/polttoaineluokitus (also in english) www.tilastokeskus.fi/polttoaineluokitus

7. Energy balance sheet, 2010 (TJ, NCV) 25.10.20127Leena Timonen For quality control: checking of efficiencies and shares (%)

8. Room for improvements 25.10.20128Leena Timonen Efforts are now underway to facilitate the compiling of energy balance (a new database and data processing system is under construction and is expected to be in use in year 2014) There is always room for improvements in accuracy Further harmonisation of methodology

9. 25.10.20129Leena Timonen Energy balance