1. Politics of the United Kingdom (including Scotland)
The political system of the United Kingdom is based on constitutional monarchy in which the monarch is the head of state and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government. Executive power is carried out by Her Majesty's Government, on behalf of and by the consent of the monarch, as well as by the devolved governments of Scotland and Wales, and the executive of Northern Ireland. Legislative power is given to both the government and the two chambers of the UK Parliament – the House of Commons and the House of Lords – as well as to the Scottish Parliament and Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies.

2. Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution. The constitution is a set of rules that are used to help run the country. The UK has an unwritten constitution.
Most constitutional monarchies use a parliamentary system in which the monarch has strictly ceremonial duties.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy with the monarch as the head of state.
The Queen has mostly ceremonial duties under the UK constitution.

3. Devolved governments in the UK
Llywodraeth Cynulliard Cymru
Welsh Assembly Government
Northern Ireland Assembly
Holyrood
Westminster

4. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, as well as in the Scottish Parliament and Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies.
How a law is made in the UK parliament:

5. Reserved and devolved matters
Devolved matters are issues where the power to make laws has been devolved (transferred) from the UK Parliament.
Reserved matters are issues where the power to make laws has been kept by the UK Parliament in London.
The reserved matters include:
constitutional matters
UK foreign policy
defence
national security
trade and industry
employment law
social security
gambling and the National Lottery
data protection
drug laws
energy – coal, gas, oil, electricity and
nuclear energy
elections
The devolved matters include:
health
education
local government
social work
housing
planning
tourism
economic development
agriculture, forestry and fishing
sport and the arts

6. Coalition government – May 2010
Prime Minister: David Cameron (Conservative Party)
Deputy Prime Minister: Nick Clegg (Liberal Democrat Party)

7. Scottish Parliament – May 2011
Government
     SNP (68)
Opposition parties
     Lab (37)
     Con (15)
     Lib Dem (5)
     Green (2)
     Ind (1)
Presiding Officer
     PO (1)

8. Members of Parliament (MPs)
House of Commons
650
first past the post (FPTP)
Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs)
Holyrood
129
additional member system (AMS)
Local councils in Scotland 32
single transferable vote (STV)