1. Using music as a production of interethnic consensus/differentiation SCARDUA, Anderson SOUZA FILHO, Edson Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Brazil Programa de Pós-graduação em psicologia

2. Objectives To investigate how music is represented, according to ethnic groups; To investigate the relations between these representations and musical likes and dislikes; To investigate the possibility of the utilization of music as a way to demarcate/reflect socio- cultural differences among the groups.

3. PARTICIPANTS: 243 - SELF-DEFINED AS: 141 White 73 Mixed 29 Black

4. QUESTIONS WHAT IS MUSIC TO YOU? WRITE WHATEVER YOU WANT. WHICH MUSICAL STYLES ARE YOU USED TO LISTEN TO? WHICH MUSICAL STYLES DO YOU LIKE LESS?

5. Categories Way of expression – feelings (is an expression; reflects what I am feeling); Stimulate/provoke emotions/sensations (makes me feel fine; provokes a good sensation); Entertainment/distraction (helps time pass; entertainment); Therapeutic function (relieve the stress; relax; meliorate melancholy); Work instrument (it’s my job; it’s my profession); Technical music descriptions (is melody; harmonic sonority); Escape from reality (dream; trip);

6. Musical likes/dislikes (I like heavy metal; I just don’t like pagode); Comparison with other arts and generic descriptions of music as an art (it’s poetry; it’s culture; it’s a kind of art; it’s useful to dance); State of mind and psychological adjectives (happiness; tranquility; state of mind; inspiration); Stimulate reflection/thinking (make us reflect about our lives; expression of thoughts, ideas); Background for life (accompany me in every moments; is a background for daily life); Diversity/relativism (we could not say if it is good or bad, there are ears and ears, hearts and hearts; doesn’t matter the style; it is everything around people); Necessity/like music (I wouldn’t know how to live without it; it’s life; I adore).

7. Table 1: Percentages of themes used to represent music, according to ethnic groups _______________________________________________________________________ Categories/groups Whites Mixed Blacks ______________________________________________ F. % F. % F. % _______________________________________________________________________ Way of expression – Feelings 40 13,60 24 16,00 6 9,37 Provoke emotions/Sensations 38 12,92 17 11,33 4 6,25 Entertainment/ distraction 35 11,90 18 12,00 14 21,87 Therapeutic function 33 11,22 11 7,33 4 6,25 Work instrument 4 1,36 3 2,00 0 0 Technical descriptions 32 10,88 13 8,66 6 9,37 Escape from reality 10 3,40 6 4,00 2 3,12 Musical likes/dislikes 10 3,40 0 0 1 1,56 Comparison with other arts 38 12,92 12 8,00 9 14,06 State of mind 9 3,06 19 12,66 8 12,5 Stimulate reflection/Thinking 15 5,10 9 6,00 10 15,62 Background for life 5 1,70 2 1,33 0 0 Diversity/relativism 12 4,08 7 4,66 0 0 Necessity/like music 13 4,42 9 6,00 0 0 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ χ2= 52,377; gl= 26; p<0,0016 (comparison among all groups); χ2= 25,54; gl=13; p<0,0196 (comparison between Whites and Mixed); χ2= 34,155; gl=13; p<0,0011 (comparison between Whites and Blacks) χ2= 23,369; gl=13; p<0,0375 (comparison between Blacks and Mixed)

8. White%Mixed%Black% Rock16,5Rock14MPB14,1 MPB14,9MPB14Hip-hop10,1 Pop8,1Pagode8,7Rock9,1 Hip-hop5,7Pop7,3Pagode7,1 Electronic5,2Electronic6,3Brazilian Pop 7,1 Classical5,2Hip-hop5,8Pop7,1 Chart 1: Musical Likes

9. Chart 2: Musical Dislikes White%Mixed%Black% Brazilian Funk 28,7Brazilian Funk 21,3Brazilian Funk 26,7 Pagode21,1Pagode17,7Pagode21,7 Sertanejo8,4Forró8,5Sertanejo10 Axé8Sertanejo8,5Samba6,7

10. Contact: andersonscardua@gmail.com