1. Ch 32

2. Trade Find new Trade routes to Asia Demand for goods Expensive and difficult Goods go through many hands and raise price

3. Route to Asia Portugal—Went around Africa Columbus—West Fame, Fortune and Adventure Spread Christianity

4. Advances Cartography—map making---improvements in map Gerardus Mercator – Longitude and Latitude Improve Ships

5. Ship Improvement Carvals—small fast, easy to maneuver shallow bottom boats Triangular sails—take from Muslim Uses wind no matter what direction Better compasses Astrolabe Better Weapons

6. Portugal Prince Henry “the Navigator” Not explorer Sent out many expeditions Creates schools for map making and sailing Focus on Africa 1488 Bartolommeo Dias 1 st European to go around tip of Africa

7. Portugal (con’t) 1497-Vasco de Gamma – Sea route to India – Crosses Indian Ocean – Arrives in Calicut in May 1498 – Picks up Pepper and Cinnamon – Lost half ships and many crew die from hunger and disease – Cargo pays for trip may times over

8. Portugal (con’t) Pedro Cabal – Sailed west to avoid calms – Reach east coast of Brazil – Claims for Portugal – Around Africa to Calicut – Signs trading treaty – Returns in 1501

9. Pedro Cabal (Con’t) Takes control of Ports and Spice Islands Break Muslim and Italian control of Trade 1500 Establish colonies in Brazil Convert natives to Christianity Work on sugar plantation Natives die Need labors Take West Africans