1. U.S. Constitution Test Review

2. Constitution Outline  Preamble: Introduction to the Constitution-States the Purpose  Article One: Legislative Branch  Purpose: Make Laws  Alternate Name: Congress  Article Two: Executive Branch  Purpose: Enforce Laws  Alternate Name: President  Article Three: Judicial Branch  Purpose: Interpret Laws  Alternate Name: Supreme Court

3. Constitution Outline  Article Four: Relations with States  Article Five: Amendment Process  Article Six: National Supremacy  Article Seven: Ratification  Amendments: Changes/Additions to the Constitution  How Many?: 27  First Ten are called: Bill of Rights

4. Article One-Legislative- Purpose: Make Laws  Purpose: Make Laws  Structure: Bicameral

5. House of Representatives  Members: 435  Term: 2 Years  Head Title: Speaker of the House  Plan: New Jersey Plan  Qualifications: 25 years old -citizen of US for 7 Years -Live in the State you Represent  Special Powers: Propose all money laws -Impeach a federal official  # Per State: Depends on Population

6. Senate  Members: 100  Term: 6 Years  Head Title: President of the Senate * AKA-Vice President Power: Break Ties  2 nd Head: President Pro Tempore  # Per State  Plan: Virginia Plan  Qualifications: 30 years old  -citizen of US for 9 years  -Live in state you represent  Special Powers: Approve Federal Appointments -Ratify Treaties -Try Impeached Officials Filibuster: prolonged speech to block legislation

7. WHAT CAN CONGRESS DO??  FINANCIALLY:  Create and Collect Taxes  Borrow Money  Regulate Foreign Trade  Coin Money  NON-FINANCIALLY:  Admit New States  Declare War  Establish and Army/Navy  Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)- ability to make laws necessary to carry out Congress’ duties (EX. NASA)

8. ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH  Purpose: Enforce Laws  Title of the Chief Executive: President of the United States  Term: 4 Years  Term Limit: 2 Terms  Elected by the Electoral College/ By Majority Vote  Must take an oath before taking office

9. ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH  Qualifications:  At Least 35 years old  A natural-born citizen of the US  A resident of the US for at least 14 years  Alternate Titles: chief of state, (2) chief executive, (3) chief administrator, (4) chief diplomat, (5) commander in chief, (6) chief legislator, (7) party chief, and (8) chief citizen.  Powers: Command of military, Pardons, Treaties, Appointments

10. ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH  Line of Succession: 1. Vice President 2. Speaker of the House 3. President pro tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State  Legislative Duty of the Vice President: Vote to Break Ties in the Senate

11. ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH  Purpose: Interpret Laws  Highest Court: Supreme Court  # of Members: 9  Term of Office: Life or Good Behavior  Name of Judges on Supreme Court: Justice  Head of Judicial Branch: Chief Justice  Qualifications to be Judge or Justice: NO QUALIFICATIONS SPECIFIED IN CONSTITUTION

12. ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH  How can they be removed: By an impeachment trial  Creation of Lower Courts: Established by Congress  Hierarchy of Courts- 1. Supreme Court 2. Appellate Court (Appeals) 3. District Court  Types of Federal Cases  Types of Federal Cases: 1. Constitution Case 2. Violation of Federal Law 3. Between States 4. Parties from Different States 5. Suing Federal Government 6. Suing a Foreign Government

13. ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH  Original Jurisdiction: power to hear a case for 1 st time  Appellate Jurisdiction: power to review a lower courts decision  Treason: Crime of betraying one’s country  Judicial Review: power to review if a law or gov. action is constitutional  Court Case that Established Judicial Review: Marbury v. Madison

14. BILL OF RIGHTS- 1 ST AMENDMENT 1. Freedom of Speech 2. Freedom of Religion 3. Freedom of the Press 4. Freedom of Assembly 5. Freedom of Petition

15. BILL OF RIGHTS  2 nd Amendment: Right to Bear Arms  3 rd Amendment: No Quartering Troops  4 th Amendment 1. NO Illegal Search and Seizure 2. Must show probable cause

16. BILL OF RIGHTS- 5 th AMENDMENT 1. No Double Jeopardy 2. No self-incrimination (I plead the 5 th !) 3. Due Process 4. Right to Grand Jury Screening 5. Compensation for Eminent Domain

17. BILL OF RIGHTS- 6th AMENDMENT 1. Speedy and Public Trial 2. Trial by Impartial Jury 3. To be informed of charges 4. To confront witnesses 5. Right to an attorney

18. BILL OF RIGHTS  7 TH Amendment: Right to a jury trial in federal civil cases  8 th Amendment: 1. No excessive bail 2. No cruel and unusual punishment  9 th Amendment: Protects rights not explicitly stated in the Constitution  10 th Amendment: Powers not given to the US are reserved to the States

19. Other Amendments  11 th : States immune from out of state lawsuits  12 th : Revises Presidential Election Process  13 th : Abolishes Slavery  14 th : Defines Citizenship (Former Slaves given rights of citizens)  15 th : Right to Vote for Slaves  16 th : Income Tax  17 th : Senators Elected by popular vote  18 th : Prohibit the manufacturing or sale of alcohol

20. Other Amendments  19 th : Women gain right to vote  20 th : Changes Term Start Dates for President and Congress  21 st : Repeals 18 th Amendment (Alcohol Legal Again)  22 nd : Presidential Term Limits  23 rd : Washington D.C. gains electoral college votes  24 th : Prohibits Poll Tax  25 th : Presidential Succession  26 th : 18 year olds gain right to vote  27 th : Congressional Salary Delay

21. Other Concepts covered in Test Checks and Balances  The System of safeguards in the Constitution that prevents one branch of gov. from becoming stronger than the others Bill of Rights  The first ten amendments added to protect people from the federal government

22. Other Concepts covered in Test Expressed Powers  Those powers explicitly written in the Constitution Reserved Powers  Powers left to the states

23. Other Concepts covered in Test Veto  When the president refuses to sign a bill into a law Impeachment  The process of trying a federal official with the intent to remove them from office