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Shakespeare and Julius Caesar
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u “Not of an age, but for all time”
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The Life of William Shakespeare u Born in Stratford-on-Avon, England on April 23, 1564 v 1st born son v Total of 8 children
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... continued u Parents: Mary Arden and John Shakespeare. v Mary: family of successful farmers.
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... continued v John: u A glover and whittawer (dresser of white or light colored leather). u In 1568, he was a mayor. u Apparently illiterate.
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... continued u William Shakespeare v At the age of 14 became apprenticed to a butcher. v Never attended a university or college. v Voracious reader and very observant.
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... continued v At the age of 18, married Anne Hathaway, 8 years his elder. v Had 3 children: Susanna, Hamnet, and Judith.
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v Briefly a rural school master. u At the age of 23, left Stratford for London v By 1592 became a flourishing actor and playwright. v Was part owner of a successful theater known as the Globe.
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... continued u In his forties, Shakespeare retired in Stratford on Avon. u Popular success in his time and invested his money wisely. u Died on April 23, 1616.
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u His plays were praised as “the mirror of life.” u Jonson stated Shakespeare was, “Soul of the Age! The applause, delight, the wonder of the stage.”
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The Globe u Built in 1598-99 u 3 stories high u Octagonal shaped v The eight sides of the theater housed covered tiers of seats
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...continued v Middle and upper-class viewers sat in these seats. u Open-air courtyard in the center. v Lower class viewers sat in the courtyard.
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... continued u 1613- It burned down when cannons fired during a performance of Henry VIII.
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Shakespeare’s Plays u All classes of people attended. u Audiences played an active role in the performance by hissing, cheering, and throwing vegetables.
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...continued u Plays were staged w/o sets. u Costumes and props were elaborate. u Women were not allowed to act. v Juliet was played by a young male actor
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Tragedy u Definition: v a work of literature, especially a play, that results in a catastrophe for the main character.
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... continued u Main Character: v always a significant person, a king or a hero. v Possesses a tragic flaw or weakness
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...continued u Purpose is to not only to arouse fear and pity in the audience, but also, in some cases to convey a sense of the nobility of the human spirit.
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The Security of the Throne u Queen Elizabeth I was the ruler of England during the time that Shakespeare wrote.
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...continued u Faced threats to her security. u By 1599, when Julius Caesar premiered at the Globe, the situation was comparable to that of Rome and its ruler Julius Caesar.
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... continued u The people worried about Queen Elizabeth’s successor. u In 1586, Mary, Queen of Scots, was accused of plotting to murder Queen Elizabeth I.
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...continued u Conspirators were tried and executed. u Mary was beheaded the following year.
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After reading Julius Caesar you will be able to answer these questions! u What sort of lesson or warning may Shakespeare have been trying to send the people of England? u To the Queen? u To present day society?
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Julius Caesar, the ruler of Rome. u Born a patrician. u Caesar first shared the rule of Rome with two others. v Triumvirate: Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Crassus.
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... continued u Pompey murdered by a former officer. u Crassus died in battle. u Thus, Caesar began to rule alone.
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...continued u Won battles in Greece, Asia Minor, Africa, Egypt, Spain, and Gaul. u Common people saw him as a great warrior and strong leader.
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... continued u Senate feared he would become too powerful and rule like a king. u On the 15th of March 44 BC, the so called Ides of March, Caesar was murdered.
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u “The spirit of an assassinated leader is larger in death than in life.” Arthur Naftalin
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u What character traits should a leader possess?
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u Can power corrupt those that possess it?
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