2. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Appeal In the election of 1932; President Herbert Hoover faced Franklin Roosevelt.In the election of 1932; President Herbert Hoover faced Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt was the Democratic governor of New York.Roosevelt was the Democratic governor of New York. His campaign promised a New Deal for Americans.His campaign promised a New Deal for Americans. Results: a landslide for Democrats. Once in office; Roosevelt set to work to solve the problems of the Great Depression.Results: a landslide for Democrats. Once in office; Roosevelt set to work to solve the problems of the Great Depression.

4. FDR Restored Confidence In his inaugural address, he said “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself….”In his inaugural address, he said “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself….” He promised vigorous leadership; bold action;called for discipline;cooperation; expressed his faith in democracy; asked for divine protection and guidance.

5. Purposes of the New Deal Relief : to provide jobs for the unemployed and to protect farmers from foreclosureRelief : to provide jobs for the unemployed and to protect farmers from foreclosure Recovery : to get the economy back into high gear, “priming the pump”Recovery : to get the economy back into high gear, “priming the pump” Reform : To regulate banks, to abolish child labor, and to conserve farm lands Overall objective: to save Capitalism and Democracy.

6. The First Hundred Days First New Deal (1933-1934) Emergency Banking Act (1933) The day he took office; Roosevelt declaredThe day he took office; Roosevelt declared a bank holiday. a bank holiday. It closed all banks for 4 days.It closed all banks for 4 days. Permitted reopening only upon Treasury department inspection that demonstrated sufficient cash reservesPermitted reopening only upon Treasury department inspection that demonstrated sufficient cash reserves Deposits exceeded withdrawalsDeposits exceeded withdrawals Bank closures dropped from 4000 to 61 (1933- 1934) Capitalism was saved in eight days.Bank closures dropped from 4000 to 61 (1933- 1934) Capitalism was saved in eight days. Glass-Steagall Act: Glass-Steagall Act: Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insures the money people deposit in banks. FDIC still operates today.Insures the money people deposit in banks. FDIC still operates today.

7. National Recovery Act (NRA) Purpose: Economic RecoveryPurpose: Economic Recovery Goals:Goals: Helped business develop codes of fair competition within industries.Helped business develop codes of fair competition within industries. Regulated how much business could produce and how much they can charge.Regulated how much business could produce and how much they can charge. Included codes of minimum wage, maximum work hours, right to join unions.Included codes of minimum wage, maximum work hours, right to join unions.

8. First Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Purpose: Farm Relief & Rural DevelopmentPurpose: Farm Relief & Rural Development Goals:Goals: Paid farmers to destroy crops in order to reduce crop surpluses.Paid farmers to destroy crops in order to reduce crop surpluses. Made payments called subsidies to farmers to stop planting land.Made payments called subsidies to farmers to stop planting land. Did not help tenant farmers, many of whom were African-AmericansDid not help tenant farmers, many of whom were African-Americans

9. Federal Emergency Relief Admin (FERA) Purpose: Relief ProgramsPurpose: Relief Programs Goals:Goals: Gave federal money to state & local governments for work reliefGave federal money to state & local governments for work relief projects. projects. Included projects to build sewers, schools, playgrounds, parks and airports.Included projects to build sewers, schools, playgrounds, parks and airports.

10. Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) Purpose: ReformPurpose: Reform Goals:Goals: Provided paid jobs, housing, and food to men between the ages of 18 and 25.Provided paid jobs, housing, and food to men between the ages of 18 and 25. They received $30 per month, but $25 went back to the familyThey received $30 per month, but $25 went back to the family Conversation Projects Replanted forests, built up sand on beaches, and did maintenance work in parks.Conversation Projects Replanted forests, built up sand on beaches, and did maintenance work in parks.

11. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Purpose: Farm Relief & Rural Development(Appalachia)Purpose: Farm Relief & Rural Development(Appalachia) Goals:Goals: -Built 20 dams on the Tenn. River and its tributaries in 7 southern states -Provided cheap electricity -Helped keep rivers from flooding.

12. Public Works Administration (PWA) Purpose: Relief ProgramsPurpose: Relief Programs Goals:Goals: -Provided jobs building dams, highways, bridges, schools, sewer systems, and public buildings. Fort Peck Dam in Montana; spillway construction. One of the largest dams in the world, it continues to generate electricity; in July 1936 its construction employed 10,500 workers.

13. The New Deal had critics on both the Political Right and the Political Left. The right wanted a balanced budget for the federal government.The New Deal had critics on both the Political Right and the Political Left. The right wanted a balanced budget for the federal government. The Great Depression had eased by 1935 but unemployment was still high and the government had a large deficit.The Great Depression had eased by 1935 but unemployment was still high and the government had a large deficit. The President was forced to rethink the government’s efforts to lead the country toward recovery.The President was forced to rethink the government’s efforts to lead the country toward recovery.

14. The President decided to form an alliance with the working class; organized labor; and the poor. To raise more money; he proposed an increase in tax rates on the incomes of wealthy people and on large corporations. These changes formed the basis of the Second New Deal.

16. Second New Deal (1934-1941) Emphasis: reformEmphasis: reform Political Position: liberalPolitical Position: liberal Primary aim: permanent reformPrimary aim: permanent reform Philosophy: international economic cooperation and economic abundancePhilosophy: international economic cooperation and economic abundance Objectives: increased purchasing power and social security for public Beneficiaries: small farmers and labor,elderly,disabled.

17. Social Security Act (SS) Social Security Act (SS) Purpose: Aid Elderly & DisabledPurpose: Aid Elderly & Disabled Goal:Goal: Provided monthly payments to retired older workersProvided monthly payments to retired older workers Provided monthly payments to those with disabilities and to families with children whose parent(s) passed away.Provided monthly payments to those with disabilities and to families with children whose parent(s) passed away. Included unemployment insurance; which provided monthly payments to the unemployed for a short period of time.Included unemployment insurance; which provided monthly payments to the unemployed for a short period of time.

18. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) Wagner Act Purpose: ReformPurpose: Reform Goals:Goals: Allowed collective bargaining (negotiating between an employer and a union for wages; hours; and benefits)Allowed collective bargaining (negotiating between an employer and a union for wages; hours; and benefits) Set up the National Labor Relations Board to supervise elections for workers to decide whether to organize a unionSet up the National Labor Relations Board to supervise elections for workers to decide whether to organize a union

19. Works Progress Administration (WPA) Purpose: ReformPurpose: Reform Goals:Goals: Provided jobs building highways; roads; streets; public building; parks; bridges; and airportsProvided jobs building highways; roads; streets; public building; parks; bridges; and airports Created work for artists; writers; photographers; actors; and musiciansCreated work for artists; writers; photographers; actors; and musicians Included an emphasis on jobs for womenIncluded an emphasis on jobs for women

20. National Youth Administration (NYA) Purpose: ReformPurpose: Reform Goals:Goals: Provided part-time work for young people 16 to 25Provided part-time work for young people 16 to 25 Enabled high school and college students to remain in school and to learn skillsEnabled high school and college students to remain in school and to learn skills

21. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Purpose: ReformPurpose: Reform Goals:Goals: Set maximum 40 hour work weekSet maximum 40 hour work week Set the minimum wage at $.25 an hourSet the minimum wage at $.25 an hour Ended employment of children under 16Ended employment of children under 16

22. Anti-New Deal Organization –Conservative opponents to the New Deal had an organization called the American Liberty League. They had money but were small in numbers, so FDR was not worried.

23. Senator Huey Long (LA) Senator Huey Long said New Deal relief measures were mere crumbs and advocated a share the wealth plan (i.e., a guaranteed annual income of at least $5,000 for every American, financed by confiscating wealth of people who made over $5 million per year).Senator Huey Long said New Deal relief measures were mere crumbs and advocated a share the wealth plan (i.e., a guaranteed annual income of at least $5,000 for every American, financed by confiscating wealth of people who made over $5 million per year).

24. Father Charles E. Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin was a rabble-rousing radio priest from Detroit. His broadcasts were called the “Golden Hour of the Little Flower.” He claimed there was an international bankers conspiracy and Jews were responsible. He advocated nationalization of banking and currency and national resources and demanded a “living wage.”Father Charles Coughlin was a rabble-rousing radio priest from Detroit. His broadcasts were called the “Golden Hour of the Little Flower.” He claimed there was an international bankers conspiracy and Jews were responsible. He advocated nationalization of banking and currency and national resources and demanded a “living wage.”

25. Dr. Francis E. Townsend Dr. Francis E. Townsend was an elderly physician from CA. He had a plan for the federal government to pay $200 per month to unemployed people over 60. The program would be financed by a 2% national sales tax and each pensioner would be required to spend the money in 30 days. This would stimulate the economy.Dr. Francis E. Townsend was an elderly physician from CA. He had a plan for the federal government to pay $200 per month to unemployed people over 60. The program would be financed by a 2% national sales tax and each pensioner would be required to spend the money in 30 days. This would stimulate the economy.

26. Moderate Legislation FDR sponsored moderate legislation to silence radical opposition:FDR sponsored moderate legislation to silence radical opposition: –Revenue Act of 1935 – Response to Huey Long. Increased taxes on large incomes and corporations. –Banking Act of 1935 – Response to Coughlin. Extended federal control over private banking practices. –Social SecurityAct of 1935 Response to Townsend. Included provisions for unemployables (dependent children, the disabled, blind), unemployment insurance, and old-age pensions.

27. The Election of 1936 The Election of 1936:The Election of 1936: –Made the Democratic party the majority party –Created a new Democratic coalition composed of both traditional elements and new elements –Showed that the American people rejected radical solutions to depression

29. Protection of New Deal Accomplishments Steps FDR took to protect New Deal accomplishments (both failed):Steps FDR took to protect New Deal accomplishments (both failed): –Court-Packing Plan (proposed increasing Supreme Court from 9 to 15 members, caused in revolt in Dem. Party) –Purge of the Democratic Party in the Election of 1938 (came out strongly in favor of liberal Dem. Candidates, evidence that he interfered in a state campaign, Republicans gained strength in both houses of Congress)

30. Decline of New Deal Reform after 1937 Reasons for decline of New Deal reform after 1937:Reasons for decline of New Deal reform after 1937: Court-packing plan made Congress irritable.Court-packing plan made Congress irritable. Recession of 1937-38 weakened confidence in New Deal measures. Republicans gained strength in both houses.Recession of 1937-38 weakened confidence in New Deal measures. Republicans gained strength in both houses. Attempted purge of Democratic party failed.Attempted purge of Democratic party failed. Conservative Democrats were elected to office. Resentful of attempted party purge, they joined ranks with Republicans to block New Deal legislation.Conservative Democrats were elected to office. Resentful of attempted party purge, they joined ranks with Republicans to block New Deal legislation. Increasing focus on foreign affairs.Increasing focus on foreign affairs.

31. Failures of the New Deal Failures of the New Deal

32. Social Security did not cover tenant farmers; farm workers or household workers. Many were African- AmericanSocial Security did not cover tenant farmers; farm workers or household workers. Many were African- American NLRA and Wagner Act did not cover farm workers either- most were LatinosNLRA and Wagner Act did not cover farm workers either- most were Latinos

33. Eleanor Roosevelt worked hard to get women & African American included in the New Deal.Eleanor Roosevelt worked hard to get women & African American included in the New Deal. African Americans started to protest their treatment.African Americans started to protest their treatment. As a result, the President began to appoint African Americans to important government posts. His informal advisors were known as the Black Cabinet.As a result, the President began to appoint African Americans to important government posts. His informal advisors were known as the Black Cabinet.

34. By the late 1930s; the economic recovery was still uncertain. Unemployment remained high.By the late 1930s; the economic recovery was still uncertain. Unemployment remained high. However; people fell more confident about the future.However; people fell more confident about the future.