1. Critical Review Project Specs & Challenges
Group 6:
Jean Pierre
Jose Paredes
Luigi Evalle
Andres Escalante
May 25, 2012

2. Senior Design Group VI Group Members
Jose Paredes
Picture
Electrical Engineering, B.S.
Grad: Fall ‘12
Jean Pierre
Computer Engineering, B.S.
Grad: Summer ‘12
Picture
Luigi Evalle
Picture
Electrical Engineering, B.S.
Grad: Summer ‘12
Andres Escalante
Electrical Engineering, B.S.
Grad: Fall ‘12
Picture

3. Critical Review Table of Contents
Mechanical Aspect
Component Breakdown 2. 3.
Project Essentials 1.
Milestones 4.
Financials 5.

4. Project Essentials Main Project Overview
-Solar Panel
-Uses Max Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to increase efficiency
-Feeds a battery
-Goes through a DC to AC Inverter
-Supports a Load
-MCU Enables PV Panel to Track Energy Source
Maximizes available Solar Radiation

5. Project Essentials Goals & Objectives
Source Tracking
Source Tracking feature
Will increase energy input at
small energy expense
Portability
Enhanced features:
Complete Enclosure for ease of Portability
AC Output for extended time load-bearing
AC Output
Mr Jens- Uwe Heinrich: from E F PR
Commercial, like Mr Buhlrich
Efficiency
MPPT Efficiency of at least 90%
DC/AC Inverter Efficiency of at least 90%

6. Project Essentials Block Diagram
Project Breakdown

7. Critical Review Table of Contents
Mechanical Aspect
Component Breakdown 2. 3.
Project Essentials 1.
Milestones 4.
Financials 5.

8. Enclosure Project Physical Specs
Wooden Enclosure & Ckt Box
Rotating Chair Base
Light-Weight Aluminum PV Frame

9. Critical Review Table of Contents
Mechanical Aspect
Component Breakdown 2. 3.
Project Essentials 1.
Milestones 4.
Financials 5.

10. Component Information Photovoltaic Panel
Luigi E.
Status: Acquired
60%
Component Info.

11. Solar Panel Types Crystaline v. Thin Film Technologies
Crystalline PV Panels
Thin Film
Higher power per area
Output is less affected by temperature
More Efficient
Lower Cost per Watt
More available product options
More Shade tolerant
Monocrysalline
Polycrystalline
Thin Film
Efficiency
22.5%
11-15% 9%
Weight
12.7 lbs
13 lbs
30.2 lbs
Dimensions
33.25 in x 21.5 in
30.2 in x in
39 in x 39 in
Price (w/ shipping)
$129.00
$179.99
$143.52

12. Solar Panel Types Monocrystaline
Monocrystalline:
-Cheaper, more efficient, Light weight and Smallest Surface Area
Specifications:
-Max Power: 60 W
-Max Power Voltage: 17.6 V
-Max Current: 3.41 A
-Size: in x 21.5 in
-Weight: 12.76

13. PV Panel Incidence Angle Calculation
Solar Angle of Incidence:
Solar panel's will more efficiently produce greater amounts of power when its oritentation
is exactly perpendicular to the light source feeding it.
Optimal angle depends on the geographic location of the solar panel and the current time of year.
The Solar panel will be adjusted to fixed angles depending on the season (summer, spring, fall or winter)
Various solar angle calculators may be found online
”EnergyWorksUs.com calculator was used as reference for this project
Once the angle from the horizontal is set, the efficiency of the panels will be further increased by
utilizing solar tracking in order to have full exposure to the sun
Fixed Angle (from horizontal) for Solar Panel in Central FL Area
Summer
13 degrees
Spring/Fall
28 degrees
Winter
43 degrees

14. Component Information Battery Component
Andres E.
Stat: Not Acquired
50%
Component Info.

15. Specifications Convenience
Battery Component EATON 12V 120 W Sealed Lead Acid Battery (PWHR12120W3FR)
*Calculations per cell; 6 cells per unit
Specifications
6 cells per unit, 12V total output
30Ah capability
Min charge current 1 Amp
400A Maximum discharge Surge current (~5 sec)
Battery life ~90,000 hours
Mr Jens- Uwe Heinrich: from E F PR
Commercial, like Mr Buhlrich
Convenience
Sealed construction.
Flame-retardant design.
Compact and low weight per avg. lead acid battery designs (23.6lbs, 4.9”x6.5”x6.9).
Wide range of operating temperatures (5°F~104°F).

16. Component Information Max Power Point Tracker (MPPT) Unit
Luigi E
Status: PCB On Order
40%
Component Info.

17. MPPT Component Maximum Power Point Tracking:
-Important because the voltage and current produced from the solar panel is variable depending on the amount of sun exposure to the solar panel.
- The battery charges most efficiently 12V and 3 A.
- purpose is to obtain the largest amount of voltage vs. current from a solar array.
-voltage from solar panel goes to dc/dc converter which is parallel to MCU and battery
-MCU chooses the maximum point at which the voltage and current will create the maximum power output as depicted by the equation P = IV.
-Our goal: MPPT is to obtain efficiency of 90%

18. Microcontroller used: -Use the PIC16f88 microcontroller from Microchip
MPPT Component PIC16F88
Microcontroller used:
-Use the PIC16f88 microcontroller from Microchip
-Program Memory: 7168 bytes Flash, 4096 Single Word Instructions
-Data Memory: 368 bytes SRAM, 256 EEPROM bytes
-16 I/o Pin
-1 CCP (PWM)
-2 Comparators
-10-bit A/D
-Timers 8/16 bit: 2/1

19. MPPT Component MPPT Schematic

20. Component Information DC/AC Inverter
Jose P.
Status: Designed and Prototype.
55%

21. DC/AC Inverter Specs
-100 watt. -Uses a pic16f628a microcontroller pic assembly lang -60 hertz produced by two waves from microcontroller. -Stp55nf06l logic mosfet, 50 amps max current. -Transformer wired backwards to attain high voltage. -PCB space is 6 inches, 4 inches. -Any AC load, no more than 2 amps.

22. Pic of switching regulator

23. DC/AC Inverter Schematics
Design will be replaced

24. DC/AC Inverter Prototype

25. Component Information PV Panel Output Monitoring Unit
Luigi E.
Status: Acquired; Awaiting Testing
55%
Component Info.

26. Monitoring the Solar Panel Specifications
Why is it important:
-Efficiency calculations when comparing the efficiency of the MPPT.
-Observe the effect of temperature on the solar panel's performance
Voltage Coming from Solar Panel:
-A voltage divider circuit will be used to calculate the voltage produced by the solar panel
Current Coming from Solar Panel:
-ACS714 a hall effect-based linear current sensor which will be surface mounted to the main PCB. Chosen because it is accurate for low current readings which range up to 5 A.
Specifications:
-Size: 0.7" x 0.8"
-Weight: 1.3 g
-Current Sensitivity: 0.185V/A
-Max Logic Voltage: V
-VCC: 5 V
-Current input: -5A - 5A

27. Component Information MicroController Unit
Jean P.
Status: Acquired
60%

28. Microcontroller Development Board Comparison Chart
MCU Component
MCU Development Board Comparison Chart
Microcontroller Development Board Comparison Chart
Development Board
Chip used
Comes with Chip?
Power jack w/ Voltage Regulator
USB Or Serial Interface
Programming Language
Price
Arduino UNO - R3
ATMEGA328P
YES
USB C
$29.95
Parallax Board of Education Development Board
Basic Stamp 2 NO
Basic
$60.00
MSP430 Launchpad
MSP430Fxx2
$4.30
PICKit 2 Debug Express
PIC16F887
C/Assembly/Basic
$49.99
Arduino Mega 2560
ATmega2560
$53.95
40 Pin PIC Deveopment Board
PIC18F4550
Serial/USB
C/Assembly
$37.95

29. Comes with PICkit 2 Development Programmer/Debugger
MCU Component
Microchip PICkit 2 Debug Express
Comes with PICkit 2 Development Programmer/Debugger
Needed to program PIC microcontrollers in our program.
44-pin Demo board with PIC16F887 Midrange PIC microcontroller
Has 12 lessons on assembly programming to cover I/O, A/D converters, timers, interrupts, etc.
Several lessons on using C language to program microcontrollers

30. MCU Component Microcontroller ATmega328P
Operating Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
Digital I/O: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins: 6
DC Current per I/O: Pin40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V: Pin50 mA
Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM: 2 KB(Atmega328p)
EEPROM: 1 KB(ATmega328p)
Clock Speed: 16 MHz

31. Component Information Tracking Component (Photoresistor)
Jean P.
Status: Construction phase
45%

32. Tracking Component PHOTORESISTOR
Size: 5.00x4.00mm
Resistance on light: 5k-20k ohm
Resistance in darkness: 1M ohm
Max Voltage: 150V (DC)
Peak Sensitivity: 560nm
Sensitivity Range: CdS cells respond to light between 400nm (violet) and 600nm (orange) wavelengths, peaking at about 520nm (green).
Power Supply: use less than 1mA for up to 100V (depending on power supply)
Max power consumption: 100mW
Operating temperature: -30 to +70°C

33. Component Information Load Control Monitoring Unit
Jean P.
Stat: Design Phase
15%

34. Load Control Monitoring Porpuse
With MCU, we will display:
Current being consumed by the load
Current out of PV panel
Temperature of PV panel
Voltage output of PV panel

35. Component Information Motor Controller
Jean P.
Status: Acquired
65%
Component Info.

36. Motor Controller Stepper Motor
Big Easy Driver:
Bi-Polar Stepper Motor Driver
-- Designed by Brian Schmalzhaus
-- from Sparkfun.com
Specification:
Bi-polar Micro stepping Driver use for Bi-Polar Stepper Motors
Drive motor up to 2A/Phase Max
Max Motor Drive Voltage: 35V
On-board 5V/3.3V Regulation to use for Microcontroller
Board can drive motor in Full Step, Half-Step, Quarter-Step, 1/8th –Step, 1/16th –Step
Motor with 200 steps per revolution, require 3200 steps/rev for full revolution
Comes with Eagle board files and schematic

37. Component Information Motor Component
Jean P.
Status: Acquired
65%
Component Info.

38. Motor Component Comparison
Stepper Motors Comparison Chart
Stepper Motor TYPE
Website
Manufacturer ID
Holding Torque Oz-in
Voltage
Current Rating
A/phase
Type
Weight kg
Cost
Nema 23
Ebay
57BYGH41-601B
55.00
12 Vdc
1.00
SIZE 23
0.47
$30.11
57BYGH41-401B
76.00
2.80
57BYGH56-401A
175.00
0.71
$37.99
Lin Engineering
Alltronics.com
5718M-05E-04
124.21
2.00
N/A
$19.95
NI NEMA 23
National Instrument
180.00
0.40
$139.00
23HS A
212.00
0.85
$45.00
AMCI
AMCI.com
SM23
240.00
0.99

39. Stepper Motor Specifications:
Motor Component Specs
Stepper Motor Specifications:
Size: Nema 23
Step Angle: 1.8 deg
Voltage: VDC
Current/Phase: 1.0 Amp/phase
Resistance/phase: mH/ phase
Holding Torque: oz-in
150 N-cm
Detent Torque: 7.0 oz-in
5.0 N-cm
Rotor Inertia: on-in2
380 g-cm2
Weight: lbs
0.85 kg
Available step Modes:
Full, Half, Quarter, 1/8th and 1/16th Step

40. Motor Component Stepper Motor Schematic

41. Motor Component Stepper Motor  Tracking Algorithm

42. Component Information Liquid Crystal Display
Andres E.
Status: Acquired
70%
Component Info.

43. Liquid Crystal Display Specs
HD x4 LCD Module W/ Blue backlight
LCD specs:
Module Size(W×H×T): 98.0×60.0×14.0mm
Viewing Area(W×H): 76.0×26.0 mm
Character Size(W×H): 2.94×4.74
Dot Size(W×H): 0.54×0.54mm
Operating Voltage: 4.5 – 5.5 V
Operating Current: 1.0 – 2.2 mA
Can run in 4-bit or 8-bit mode.
Easily interface with Arduino using LiquidCrystal library.
Sturdy enough for outside use

44. Liquid Crystal Display Pin Schematic of 20X4 LCD Module

45. Critical Review Table of Contents
Mechanical Aspect
Component Breakdown 2. 3.
Project Essentials 1.
Milestones 4.
Financials 5.

46. Milestone Schedule Per Semester

47. Progress By Component Percent Completion

48. Critical Review Table of Contents
Mechanical Aspect
Component Breakdown 2. 3.
Project Essentials 1.
Milestones 4.
Financials 5.

49. Budget Pivot Table of Actuals vs. Forecast

50. Points of Concern Possible Technical Problems to Come
Stepper Motor torque output
DC/AC transformer efficiency
MPPT actual efficiency

51. Thank you for your attention!
…Any Questions?

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Global measurements of sloar angles of incidense
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