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Psychology of Learning EXP4404
Chapter 10: Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control Dr. Steve
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Topics Covered Generalization Discrimination Stimulus Control
Measurement Semantic Generalization Discrimination Discrimination Training SD vs. SΔ Procedures Stimulus Control Theories of Generalization and Discrimination Analysis of Behavior
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Generalization Generalization Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Generalization Generalization is vital to learning and survival and crucial to research Increase generalization by learning or practicing in a variety of settings
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Generalization Generalization Gradient
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Generalization Primary vs. Secondary Generalization Primary- Secondary
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Generalization Semantic Generalization
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Generalization Generalization of behaviors following punishment or extinction Inhibitory generalization Responses S-
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Discrimination Discrimination Training Training procedure:
Acquisition of response in one situation Extinction of response in all other situations
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Discrimination Discrimination Training Methods
Successive Discrimination Training Simultaneous Discrimination Training Matching to Sample Oddity Matching
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Discrimination Discrimination Training S+ S-
Video example discrimination training to encourage stair use
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Discrimination Errorless Discrimination Training
Differential Outcome Effect
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Stimulus Control Stimulus Control Imprecise Stimulus Control Precise
Generalization Discrimination
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Stimulus Control Variables that effect stimulus control (Generalization vs. Discrimination) Practice Schedule of Reinforcement Delay of Reinforcement Goal of Training Generalization Discrimination
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Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Discrimination Training characterized by:
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Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Peak Shift S- Behavioral contrast
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Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Pavlov’s Theory The more closely a neutral stimulus resembles a CS+, If neutral stimulus resembles CS-,
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Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Spence’s Theory (excitatory gradient) (inhibitory gradient) (algebraic summation) Peak Shift P(Response) S- S+ 750 500 250 1000 Hz Net Gradient Excitatory Gradient Inhibitory Gradient
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Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Lashley-Wade Theory
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Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Kohler’s Relational Theory Transpositional Effect S+ S- Discrimination Training Learned “lighter than”
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Analysis of Behavior Mental Rotation or Discrimination Training?
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Analysis of Behavior Smoking Relapse
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Analysis of Behavior Experimental Neuroses
Type of learned helplessness E.g., child who can’t figure out how to please mother (what is considered a properly made bed)
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