1. Chapter 3

2. Seasons What causes them? The earth’s tilt (pg 49) Solstice: sun’s rays are directly overhead at noon Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Mark beginning of summer and winter Equinox: days and nights are equal in length all over the world Mark beginning of spring and autumn

3. WEATHER vs. CLIMATE Definition: condition of atmosphere at a particular location and time “What you get” Definition: conditions of atmosphere at a particular location over a long period of time “What you expect”

4. Factors that Influence Weather 1. Amount of solar energy- air masses absorb energy 2. Water vapor- determines precipitation 3. Cloud cover- hold water vapor 4. Landforms/bodies of water: water heats slow and loses slow Land heats fast and loses fast 5. Elevation- higher air loses ability to hold moisture 6. Wind

5. Precipitation (pg 50) As warm air rises, it cools and loses it’s ability to hold water vapor. This forms clouds, which eventually become too heavy.RAIN/ SNOW #1 Convectional: sun heats ground in morning, air rises, and afternoon clouds form rain ( tropical/hot climates)

6. #2 Orographic: more rain falls on the windward side of a mountain as wind is blocked and forced upward. The leeward side gets very little rain (rain shadow).

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU9OcU2fm6U

8. #3 Frontal: lighter air is pushed upward by colder, denser air. As it cools, it condenses and rain falls. Front: boundary between two air masses of different temps.

9. WEATHER EXTREMES 1. Hurricane/typhoons: storms that form over warm, tropical ocean waters. Use warm water as energy Regions of low atmospheric pressure They spin different directions in the N & S Hemispheres

11. 2. Tornadoes: (twisters) powerful funnel-shaped columns of spiraling air. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4G3r6o2eTSw

12. 3. Blizzard: heavy snowstorm with winds of more than 35 mph and reduced visibility.

13. 4. Drought: long period of time without rain or with very minimal rainfall.

14. 5. Floods: water spreads over land not normally covered by water. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73P09rTEc4g

16. Factors that Influence Climate 1. Wind Currents: Wind is the flow of a huge amount of air, usually from a high pressure area to a low pressure area. High= COLD Low= WARM

17. Coriolis Effect (bending of winds) Hot air flows towards the poles and cold air moves to the equator. Earth’s rotation makes the winds bend N= Right S = Left H L H https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=uBqohRu2RRk

18. 2. Ocean Currents: rivers flowing in the ocean Remember me??? SAME as winds: warm water flows to poles, cold water flows to equator In Northern Hemisphere

20. Wind + Ocean = changing temperatures and rainfall Europe temperature is warmer than Canada even though they are at the same latitude Cold ocean currents keep warm air from rising = desert

21. 3. Zones of Latitude: Tropical (low)Temperate (middle) Polar (high)

22. 4. Elevation: distance above sea level air temp. decreases as you go higher

23. 5. Topography: landforms (natural formations on earth)

24. Climate Change: True or False TRUE. It’s a fact that climates change over time. Climate change is both naturally occurring and human caused.

25. The Facts On average, air temperatures are increasing Since 1800’s the temp of earth has increased ONE degree Fahrenheit Scientists believe an increase of 3.2-7.2 is possible in this century (100 years) Greenhouse effect

26. The Greenhouse Effect Definition: gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, which causes higher temperatures on Earth Gases caused by burning coal, oil, methane, etc.

27. One last question….. Does the food you eat cause global warming????