1. Duck and Cover

2. What is nuclear fallout? Radioactive dust created when a nuclear weapon detonates. The explosion vaporizes any material within its fireball. Much of that material is exposed to neutrons from the explosion, absorbs them, and becomes radioactive. When that material condenses in the cloud, it forms dust and light sandy material that resembles ground pumice. The fallout emits gamma rays. Much of that highly radioactive material then falls to earth, subjecting anything to gamma radiation — a significant hazard. Gamma particles are responsible for the great majority of illnesses associated with nuclear explosions. Too much direct contact with gamma rays can injure or kill, and cause such subsequent health problems as cancer. Gamma particles emit most of their radiation quickly, and during the first few hours and days following an attack, they should be avoided as much as possible. American Experience – History Channel

3. Fatman USSR 1952 - Test

6. Rising Fear 1961 – Kennedy Administration Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Nikita Khrushchev of Soviet Union continues testing nuclear weaponsNikita Khrushchev

8. Fallout Shelters Built in backyards or basements Concrete Walls – At least 12 inches thick Ventilated by hand crack blower $150-$200 least expensive

9. Afterwards Expect two weeks to live in shelter full time Gradually work outside – 4 hours for 3 weeks Sleep in shelters for several months

10. Supplies Battery-powered radio Lanterns Sleeping bags and cots Geiger counter Chemical toilet and waste holding tanks/waste disposal bags Heating system Fuel tank Air circulation system or air filtering systems, or bottled air Electrical generator Firearms (to discourage intruders) Communications hardware Variety of canned goods or foodstuffs Bottled drinking water or water storage drums First-aid kits Reading material/recreational materials Cleaning supplies Extra clothing Writing materials

18. Eight countries currently have nuclear weapons: United States Russia United Kingdom France China Israel India Pakistan

19. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, the U.S. currently maintains approx. 10,000 nuclear warheads in various states of readiness. Under START III, that number will be reduced to 2,500. At the end of 1997, Russia's nuclear stockpile numbered 23,000 weapons.

20. Arms Race Today Obama Administration