1. -Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran 1979
“Islam is Politics”
-Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran 1979

2. EGYPT
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Egypt still in control of Suez Canal

3. Shah with US Pres. Carter
Iranian Revolution, 1979
Many Muslims did not like the Shah (leader) of Iran because of his connections to the West and his new reforms (women educated, westernization, modernization)
Majority of Iranians were poor
Fundamentalists viewed
shah as a traitor to Islam
Riots begin

4. Islamic Fundamentalism
Movement to reorder government and society according to Islamic laws (Sharia Law)
Islamists believe that Muslim countries have strayed from the path of true Islam by following Western models of political and economic development
Violence

5. Ayatollah Khomeini
In 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini, a Shi’ite Muslim, led a Revolution to overthrow the Shah
Set up a theocracy:
govt. run by
religious leaders

6. American Hostage Crisis
During the Revolution, Radical Muslim Students seized the U.S Embassy and held 66 Americans hostage for 444 days.
The hostage crisis severely damaged the US/Iran relationship
Hostages

7. Iran: Islamic State
Khomeini set up an Islamic State headed by himself as “Supreme Religious Leader”
Religious leaders controlled the military, made laws, courts, and education.
Public Morality was enforced:
No mingling of opposite sexes
Women must veil
themselves in public
Alcohol was banned

8. Islamic Laws in Action
Stoning
Lashing
Executions

9. Iran-Iraq War ( )
Iraq (Saddam Hussein-dictator) attacked Iran because of border disputes and because the Ayatollah called for revolution on Sunnis
500,000 dead on both sides.
Iraq used chemical weapons
Iran and Iraq agreed to a
cease-fire in 1988
Both countries economies were disrupted in
the 80s as a result

10. Iran Today
In Iran today, many young people are demanding more freedoms in Iran
Protests
Freedoms:
Voting Rights
Moral Rights
Economic Rights
Freedom of Entertainment
Less Oppression

11. The Persian Gulf War
In 1990 Iraq accused neighboring Kuwait of drilling into an Iraqi oil field and stealing oil
Iraq attacked Kuwait
U.S.-led coalition launched the Persian Gulf War- attacked the Iraqi forces in Kuwait
In weeks, Kuwait was freed.
After the war
the UN continued its economic sanctions
insisted that Iraq destroy its chemical and biological weapons
Also to agree not to develop nuclear weapons.
But Iraq failed to fully cooperate with UN weapons inspectors…

13. Terrorism and Islam Terrorism:
Uses violence to achieve a political or religious end (terrorist: someone who commits terrorism)
Quran does not allow the killing of innocents or suicide
Terrorists believe they are jihadists: die in defense of religion, become martyrs
Jihad:
“Striving or Struggling in the Way of God” – some interpret as a call to war, would you?

14. 9/11
Terrorists hijacked four passenger airplanes and crashed them into the WTC and the Pentagon
The fourth crashed in rural PA
Nearly 3,000 died

15. Osama Bin Laden
Al Qaeda
Taliban in Afghanistan
The USS Cole bombing was a suicide attack against the United States Navy destroyer USS Cole on October 12, 2000

16. War on Terror U.S. targeted al Qaeda and the Taliban
Taliban-group that was governing Afghanistan according to strict interpretation of Islamic law
2001-U.S. forced Taliban out of Afghanistan
Osama Bin Laden was shot and killed on May 2, 2011 by U.S. Navy Seals and CIA

17. What do you think of this example of freedom of expression?

18. The Iraq War-2003
U.S. leaders worried that Hussein might have deadly weapons that he could give to terrorists
Another U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq, quickly forcing Hussein out of power.
American weapon inspectors failed to find stockpiles of biological or chemical weapons or evidence proving Hussein had a role in 9/11
Insurgency ensued
Growth of ISIS after US leaves Iraq, thoughts?

19. Saddam shortly after capture by American forces, and after being shaved to confirm his identity
December 2003
Statue of Saddam Hussein being toppled in Firdos Square after the US invasion of Iraq

20. Iraq Timeline 2004 political power was transferred to the Iraqis
2005 Iraqis voted in the country’s first multiparty election in 50 years and later approved a new constitution that would make Iraq an Islamic federal democracy
November 5th, 2006-Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging. (Dec. 30, 2006)
All US Forces were mandated to withdraw from Iraqi territory by December 31, 2011 under the agreement signed in 2008 by President Bush-completed on December 18, 2011