1. Class 13 Put your memo and report on the front table.

2. Class Agenda Speech presenting the Policy in the Memo Final Paper Review

3. Christine Omolino

4. Pay Attention! We are going to go over the Final Paper after these presentations is listen.

5. One Minute Speeches Name of Agency: Problem: Policy Proposal:

6. Preparing for the speech One Minute 45 seconds describing the formulation and implementation of the policy presented in your memo 15 seconds how the policy would benefit client PRACTICE FIRST!

7. Practice Speech Students pair up First member gives 1 minute speech Second member gives 1 minute speech Only provide encouragement

8. Final Take Home Paper PART I Executive Summary Policy Formulation Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation PART II Confounding Variables Claims by Your Agency

9. Review for Final Paper FINAL PAPER STRUCTURE REVIEW Executive Summary A quick overview of the next three parts Policy Formulation- problem, goal, causes, policy proposal Define the problem Give evidence of its existence Discuss causes State preferred policy Policy Implementation- administration and political feasibility Describe steps to enact the policy Include a description of how it would be administered Estimate the likelihood of its implementation Policy Evaluation- how you would study both the effectiveness and the efficiency of your policy Present a plan to assess its benefits and costs Suggest the criteria that would be used to determine whether or not the policy should be continued Discuss why you would not use an experimental designed as discuss in “Is that a Fact?”

10. Four Tools You must include ALL FOUR TOOLS anywhere in Part I of your paper (it is up to you where you include them) 1. DATA COLLECTION DESIGN – maximize accuracy and representativeness 2. ONE TREND LINE – Interpret clearly with 5 data points 3. DESCRIBE A BENCHMARK AND USE A PERCENT CHANGE–how to measure and expressed in percent change 4. USE A TABLE WITH ROW AND COLUMN PERCENTAGES-use a table with row & column percentages analyzing 2 variables

11. Tool 1- Data Collection Design How would you collect data through a survey or other means to increase representativeness and accuracy. Identify the main threat to each.

12. Tool 2- Trend Lines Use one trend line (must have at least five points, real or hypothetical, ending in current full calendar year) Display information over a period of time (days, weeks, years etc.) For the Final Paper you may NOT use future dates. Source: Data collected for Center City Police Department by Polly Policy-Studies, Community Link Project, Syracuse University, November 2007. Per 100,000

13. Tool 3- Benchmarks and Use Percent Change “Describe a benchmark that will measure the success of the policy proposal in three years” A measurable objective or goal for a societal condition. Indicators measure that condition. Benchmarks are a structured method of evaluation. Percent Change MUST be used. Example: The number of dropouts at Central High School will decrease by 10% within two years of the new mentoring program’s implementation.

14. Tool 4- Table with Row & Column Percentages Use a table with row & column percentages to analyze 2 variables Used to present bivariate distributions Guidelines: Use Percentages Independent Variables should total 100% Provide “n or N=” for each independent variable Include a Title Current Status WorkingIn SchoolUnemployedTotal Type of Job Training Program Vocational (n=64) 30% 40% 100% On the Job (n=273) 40%30% 100% Work Skills (n=249) 66%12%22% 100% Total (N=586) 50%22%28% 100% Outcomes of Job Training Programs

15. Final Paper Part II Designed to test your ability to apply the ideas in Chapters 8-12 in “Is That a Fact.” Two questions Confounding Variables Claims by you agency

16. CONFOUNDING VARIABLES CONFOUNDING VARIABLES: From Part I, describe the primary independent variable and the primary dependent variable you used. List up to three possible confounding variables and explain why they are confounding. How would you design a research project to control for them? The project would not have to politically feasible but must discuss why it is not politically feasible. 4 points

17. Confounding Variables – No Research Constraints This means that best way to control for confounding variables through a ideal research design that can be imagined.

18. CLAIMS BY YOUR AGENCY CLAIMS BY YOUR AGENCY: From any source of information provided by your agency, discuss one example of a statement that implies causation. Attach the relevant passages and circle the section that provides the example (no references needed) in your discussion. Think like Coplin who thinks he thinks like Is that a Fact?.

19. Example for Graduation Rates Independent Variable---------Dependent Variable | Confounding Variables For SU Independent Variable Dependent Variable ????? Graduation Rate | 3 Confounding Variables: ???????? ????

20. Claims One example of your agency’s claim implies causation. Attach the relevant passages and circle the section that provides the example (no references needed) in your discussion. Use relevant discussions from Is that a Fact? to create a design to test the claim that can actually be conducted.

21. SU EXAMPLE of CLAIMS From the SU website Syracuse University's faculty of distinguished scholar- teachers attracts outstanding students from every part of the United States and the world. Which design would test this? Anecdotes Case-controlled study Cohort Studies Correlation Experimental Study Rates or percentages

22. Kinds of Words Used for Claim

23. Client Evaluations Celina Bridges Jon Lee Marlei Simon Tammy Chan Jen Bundy Adam Pelner Jared Bly Lin Han Sarah Grucza Anis Zamani Wendy Feng Jack Donisch Levi Stein Dayana Bobko John Tanza Arianna Rogers Allison Adams Coralis Rivera-Aponte Catherine Warren Matt Rice Jordan Campo Nick Impson

24. Debriefing Paper Grades

25. Take Home Exam Due 5/1 in Max 102 (PAF 315 Inbox) by 3pm No Late Papers accepted No help can be provided by Lauren, Amanda, Ashley or Coplin.