1. A Nordic Example “The Development of Wind Power in Denmark” Presented by Jørgen K. Lemming Risø DTU

2. 04/12/2008Riga December 20082Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Content of presentation Status for Wind power development in Denmark Present policy for wind Early Technology development (from small to large turbines) Resources and Mesurement og Wind Test and certification (safety and quality) Integration (Grid Access, Wind power and other RE resources) Industry (turnover for industry, exports) Offshore development (large scale)

3. 04/12/2008Riga December 20083Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Status of development

4. 04/12/2008Riga December 20084Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Development of Wind Power in Denmark

5. 04/12/2008Riga December 20085Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Renewable energy policy Long term goal The share of renewable energy must be increased to at least 30% of energy consumption by 2025. (EU goal 20% 2020). Policy Agreement 2008 The majority of the parties in the Parliament agree that renewable energy should cover 20% of Danish gross energy consumption in 2011. This corresponds to 22.4% renewable energy relative to final energy consumption.

6. 04/12/2008Riga December 20086Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark 2008 Energy policy: Better terms for wind turbines A renewable energy law to create greater transparency with respect to the legislative framework for the use of renewable energy. Better subsidy terms for new onshore wind turbines. Follow-up of re-powering regulations. Wind planning in the municipalities, including a green fund for restoring nature. 10 million DKK guaranteed financing to local wind project preliminary studies, etc. Possibility of economic compensation to neighbours for loss of property value due to new wind turbines. Possibility of local joint ownership. New offshore wind parks in 2012; tender for 2 times 200 MW late 2008. Action plan for developing offshore wind turbines. Survey of conditions for small wind turbines.

7. 04/12/2008Riga December 20087Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Danish Subsidy terms for new wind turbines on land A replacement of the previous price premium of 0.10 DKK/kWh over the market price with a premium of 0.25 DKK/kWh for 22,000 peak load hours. A wind turbine at an average inland location typically takes about nine years to produce the equivalent of 22,000 peak load hours, whereas one at a good coastal location will take about seven years. A continued premium of 0.023 DKK/kWh for compensation for balancing costs, etc. as at present. An additional 0.004 DKK/kWh to cover wind turbine owners' contribution to a green fund. Scrapping regulations New turbines will receive the new price premium plus an extra supplement of 0.08 DKK/kWh for the first 12,000 peak load hours. The new extra premium replaces the current premium of 0.12 DKK/kWh which was adjusted to 0 DKK/kWh in pace with the market price increase from 0.26 to 0.38 DKK/kWh.

8. 04/12/2008Riga December 20088Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Support scheme for offshore wind turbines Large scale project Tender – Cheapest, fastest and most beautiful Fixed price in 50.000 full load hours = 10-15 years of production Lowest bid for Horns Rev 2 = app. € cent 7 per kWh Lowest bid Rødsand II (after re-tendering) app. € cent 8 per kWh Other projects Premium financed as PSO added on top of market price

9. 04/12/2008Riga December 20089Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark New Deployment of Wind Power in DK Existing and approved off-shore capacity (1225 MW) = 12% of total electricity consumption in 2012. Potentials = 50% of electricity consumption. Under construction Horns Rev II 200 MW 2009 Approved Rødsand II 200 MW 2011 Re-powering 350 MW Decided offshore Wind Power Anholt 400 MW 2012 New Onshore 2011 – 75 MW New Onshore 2010 – 75 MW Total new installation of Wind Power up 10 2012: 1300 MW

10. 04/12/2008Riga December 200810Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark EARLY DANISH TECHNOLGY DEVELOPMENT

11. 04/12/2008Riga December 200811Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Askov Test center (Poul La Cour 1897) Testing of Wind Elcetricity producing Turbines Aerodynamics and wind tunnel for experiments Consulting and teaching in Electrification of the Country

12. 04/12/2008Riga December 200812Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark  The Gedser wind turbine operated 1958-68 - the ancestor of  The Danish Wind Turbine Concept  3-bladed  up-wind  automatic controls  active yaw  asynchronous generators  1976-1982 - 1. Generation (15-55kW) Udvikling 1958-82

13. 04/12/2008Riga December 200813Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Risager 30 kW 1978 Development of the modern Wind Turbine Gedser 200 kW 1959 Tjæreborg 2MW 1985 Vestas 3 MW 55 kW 660 kW 2 MW Tvind

14. 04/12/2008Riga December 200814Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Size of Wind Turbines Hub height 150 m 100 m 15-20 m

15. 04/12/2008Riga December 200815Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 04 10 15 126 m Ø 12 m Ø 80 m Ø 65 m Ø ? Size of commercial wind turbines at first market introduction

16. 04/12/2008Riga December 200816Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Made by Henrik Stiesdal, Siemens

17. 04/12/2008Riga December 200817Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark RESOURCES AND MEASUREMENT OF WIND

18. 04/12/2008Riga December 200818Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Wind Resource Map for Denmark

19. 04/12/2008Riga December 200819Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Short-Term Prediction Numerical Weather Prediction Prediction model Online data Orography Roughness Wind farm layout End user Prediction of wind farm output 12-36 hours ahead

20. 04/12/2008Riga December 200820Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark The Høvsøre Test Station and the experimental setup Research on different types of lidars

21. 04/12/2008Riga December 200821Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark TESTING AND CERTIFICATION

22. 04/12/2008Riga December 200822Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Testing of turbines and Components Old Risø test site

23. 04/12/2008Riga December 200823Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Test site at Høvsøre

24. 04/12/2008Riga December 200824Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Blade Testing

25. 04/12/2008Riga December 200825Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark History in brief: System Approval from 1980 -1991 Type Approval scheme from 1991 Type approval of wind turbines Quality assurance Danish Standard DS 472 on Loads and Safety of Wind Turbine Constructions New Approval Scheme based on IEC WT 01 and international standards (61400-xx) ultimo 2004 New Regulators rules for grid connection July 2004 New rules for small Wind turbines < 5 m 2 2007 New rules for Maintenance of turbines The Danish Technical Certification Scheme for Design, Manufacture and installation of Wind Turbines

26. 04/12/2008Riga December 200826Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark IEC Standards and Technical Specifications and Reports IEC 61400-1, ed.3,Safety Requirements IEC 61400-2, ed. 2,Safety Req of Small WT (< 200m 2 rotor) IEC 61400-3Safety of Offshore WT IEC 61400-11Noise Measurements IEC 61400-12Power Curve Measurem. IEC/TS 61400-13 Strength Measurements IEC 61400-21Power Quality IEC/TS 61400-23Blade Testing IEC/TR 61400-24Lightning Protection IEC WT 01Certification of WT

27. 04/12/2008Riga December 200827Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark New Maintenance and Service Scheme After July 1 2008 all turbines in Denmark have to be service by a certified or approved service company according to the specification set by the manufacture. Except very small. Owners must report to the Energinet.dk each time a regular service has been carried out and the time for the next. Spot checks will be carried out.

28. 04/12/2008Riga December 200828Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark INTEGRATION

29. 04/12/2008Riga December 200829Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark

30. 04/12/2008Riga December 200830Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Production record January 2005 – 1076 GWH ~ 32% of total demand. 41 % in western Denmark (old Eltra area)

31. 04/12/2008Riga December 200831Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark SYSLAB – Distributed Energy System Laboratory Distributed control –Embedded intelligence –Self-organizing Communication Flexibility –FlexHouse –Demand response –Vanadium battery –Hybrid/Electric car High wind energy penetration

32. 04/12/2008Riga December 200832Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark DANISH INDUSTRY

33. 04/12/2008Riga December 200833Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Industry activities With two large manufactures in Denmark the Danish manufactures still had a large share the world market in 2007 (nearly 30 %). The largest manufacture was Vestas selling 4,503 MW in 2007 (22,8 % of the world market) Siemens/Bonus sold 1,397 MW in 2007 (7.1 % of the world market). The turnover in the wind industry in 2007 was more than 65 billion DDK. Nearly all of the production of turbines is exported for a net value of 35 billion DDK. Employing in Denmark more than 23,500 people.

34. 04/12/2008Riga December 200834Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark

35. 04/12/2008Riga December 200835Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT I DENMARK

36. 04/12/2008Riga December 200836Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Offshore development in Denmark 2 1 1. Vindeby 5 MW (1991) 2. Tunø Knob 5 MW (1995) 3. Middelgrunden 40 MW (2001) 4. Horns Rev I 160 MW (2002) 5. Samsoe 23 MW (2003) 6. Roenland 17 MW (2003) 7. Frederikshavn 10.6 MW (2003) 8. Nysted-Roedsand 165 (2003) 9. Grenå 6 MW (?) 10. Horns Rev II, 200 MW (2010) 11. Roedsand II, 200 MW (2011) 8 9 4 6 3 5 7 10 11

37. 04/12/2008Riga December 200837Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Danish Pilot projects Vindeby 1991: 11 x 450kW, 2-3 km off-shore Tunø Knob 1995: 10 x 500kW, 5 -6 km off-shore Middelgrunden 2001: 20 x 2 MW, 1,5-2,5 km off-shore

38. 04/12/2008Riga December 200838Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Distance to land (Horns Rev 14-20 km, Nysted 8-10 Km) 80 wind turbines Internal 36 kV cabling 150 kV cabling to major grid on land Nysted Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms

39. 04/12/2008Riga December 200839Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Horns Rev 160MW

40. 04/12/2008Riga December 200840Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Horns Rev- 80 møller 160 MW Photos: ELSAM A/S

41. 04/12/2008Riga December 200841Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Development of new foundation types A bucket-foundation A Gravaty Foundation A Monopile

42. 04/12/2008Riga December 200842Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Plans for future offshore wind farms Report on future Offshore sites Update of action plan from 1997 23 Sites each 44 km2 for a capacity of 4600 MW Wind Power Production 18 TWh, or just over 8% of total energy consumption in Denmark or approximately 50% of Danish electricity consumption http://www.ens.dk/graphi cs/Publikationer/Havvind moeller/Fremtidens_%20 havvindm_UKsummery_a ug07.pdfhttp://www.ens.dk/graphi cs/Publikationer/Havvind moeller/Fremtidens_%20 havvindm_UKsummery_a ug07.pdf

43. 04/12/2008Riga December 200843Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark Thank you for your attention