1. The Development of Religion
The Vedic (Hindu) Religion in India, Hebrew Monotheism, and Persian Zoroastrianism
The Development of Religion

2. Origins of Hinduism
Originated over several centuries and from several cultures in India
Collection of beliefs from the Vedas ( B.C.E) compiled by the Brahmins (priests)
Dissatifaction with Brahmin practices led to the Upanishads ( B.C.E)
Gave rise to the caste system
Challenged and reformed by the rise of Buddhism

3. Hindu Beliefs Brahman- World Soul Ultimate goal Caste System
Atman- human soul a part of Brahman
Ultimate goal
Union with Brahman by achieving moksha (liberation) through samsana (reincarnation)
Caste System
Social mobility determined by karma
Buddhism causes reform
Focus on action and detached performance of caste duties
Bhakti (worship) movement
Adoration of gods
Identification with a particular deity

4. Vishnu and Shiva
Protector and preserver
Destructor

5. Zoroastrianism Persian Empire Zarathustra (7-6th c B.C.E.) Beliefs
Monotheistic (Ahura Mazda)
Heaven and Hell
Judgement Day
Good (God) and Evil (Satan), Savior (Messiah)
Assimilated into other monotheistic faiths

6. Hebrews in the Middle East 1000 BCE, split into two kingdoms
North=Israel
South=Judah
Despite conquests by Assyria and Babylonian empires, retained culture and traditions

7. Judaism
Yahweh- God
Powerful and jealous
Demands loyalty
People could communicate with him
Actively involved in human affairs
In return for devotion to Yahweh, became his “chosen people”
Basis for Christianity and Islam