1. Visualization of Massive Volumetric Data Sets Bradley Wallet Robert Wentland Jawad Mokhtar brad@chroma-corp.com http://www.chromaenergy.com/

2. 2 Acknowledgements Chroma for allowing me to come Chroma Energy for allowing me to speak PGS for allowing me to show their data

3. 3 Outline Background (Goals and Data) Why Visualize? Hardware Software

4. 4 Goals Find economic hydrocarbon reservoirs –Reduce the number of dry holes –Locate leads that would otherwise be missed Extract information necessary to exploit reservoirs

5. 5 Data Large 3-D volumetric data set Pre-stack data (Amplitude vs. Offset) Reflection Coefficient data Acoustic Impedance data Derived (feature) data 4-D Seismic data

6. 6 Data Data cubes consists of 100 million to 500+ million observations –Typically part of larger data set –Desire to work in 32 bits per voxel Typically four or more derived data cubes –Some really should be 32 bits per voxel –Often need three or more in memory at a time

7. 7 Data

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9. 9 More 1 Sec Gulf of Mexico 3D Seismic Wait Done Channel Sequence of Interest

10. 10 Data

11. 11 Access the pattern level of the ChromaCube TM pattern database. MoreDone Data

12. 12 Why Visualize Technical feasibility –“Oil is found in the minds of men” Conservative culture Economics –Shallow onshore well costs $100k –Deep onshore well costs $1m –On shelf well costs $10m –Deep water well costs $100m

13. 13 Hardware Long term storage –Generally available in sufficient quantity –Slow but typically acceptable Intersite transfer of data Main memory –Limited to 2GB in 32 bit systems –Limited to 8GB in practice –Contiguous memory issues

14. 14 Hardware Graphics cards –Not designed for volumetric applications –View must be calculated in software Volumetric cards –Limited in the past to 256MB –Limited to greyscale –New ones hold up to 8GB –Support RGBA Exotic (transputer) solutions –Expensive hardware –Expensive software

15. 15 Software Custom software –Cpat Batch operations Calculates derived data –ChromaVision Visualization Interactive colormap adjustments Extraction, annotation, editing, etc. Commercial off the shelf (COTS) software –Data preprocessing –Standard operations

16. 16 Software Workflow Current Workflow Data Acquisition Data Processing Migrated Image Visualization Interpretation Reservoir Simulation Drilling Well Plan Pattern Enabled Workflow Pattern Enabled Visualization Interpretation Seismic Data Pattern Database Stacked Angle Stacks CMP (for AVO) Multi-component 4D (time varying stacks) Pattern Analysis

17. 17 Software Color maps –RGBA –HSVA –Alpha channel –Interactive exploration –Grand tour