1. Chapter 13 North and South (1820-1860)
Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

2. Section 3-Polling Question
What do you think contributed most to the continued use of enslaved workers in the South?
A. The invention of the cotton gin
B. The rise of cotton as the dominant cash crop in the South
C. The sparse population of the South
D. The lack of industry and factory work in the South A B C D

3. Essential Question
How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?
How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?

4. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin transformed cotton production
To the South it was the “most perfect and the most valuable invention”
1790- The South was an underdeveloped agricultural region
In 1790, most Southerners lived in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina (Upper South)

5. Changes in the South 1850- Population spread inland to the Deep South
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas
The economy was thriving
But DEPENDED on slavery
Slavery was growing stronger than ever in the South
Due to cotton

6. Cotton Rules the Deep South
In colonial times, the main crops of the South were…
Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo
After the American Revolution, the demand for these crops decreased
European mills wanted Southern cotton
Cotton took a lot of work to produce and workers had to separate the sticky seeds from the cotton fibers

7. Making Cotton Production Easier
With Eli Whitney’s cotton gin a worker could produce 50 times more each day
Because the cotton gin processed cotton fibers so quickly, farmers wanted to grow more cotton to increase their profits
Southern planters depended on slave labor to plant and pick their cotton
The Upper South produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables
The Deep South was COMMITTED to cotton
The value on enslaved people increased
The Upper South became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people

8. Section 3
By how much did Whitney’s cotton gin increase production of cotton per day?
A. 10 times more
B. 50 times more
C. 100 times more
D. It did not increase cotton production at all. A B C D

9. Industry in the South
Very little manufacturing took place in the South
The entire South had a lower value of manufactured goods than the state of Pennsylvania
There were many barriers to industry in the South
1. Cotton was so valuable (Main reason)
2. There was a lack of capital (Would have to sell slaves to build factories)
3. The market for manufactured goods in the South was small (Enslaved people didn’t have money)
4. Southerners simply didn’t want industry
“As long as we have our rice, our sugar, our tobacco and our cotton, we can command wealth to produce all we want”

10. Section 3
What was the main reason that the Southern economy remained largely agricultural?
A. Southerners lacked the capital to start industries.
B. Cotton sales were very profitable.
C. Southerners refused to work in factories.
D. Costs to ship goods to markets were too high. A B C D

11. Southern Factories
Some Southern leaders wanted to develop industry in the South
They realized they depended too much on the North for manufactured goods
They also said the factories would help the less prosperous economy of the Upper South
William Gregg (S.C.) opened his own textile factory
Joseph Reid Anderson (Va) took over the Tredegar Iron Works
During the Civil War, Tredegar provided artillery and other iron products for the Southern forces
These industries were the exception rather than the rule in the South

12. Southern Transportation
Natural rivers were used for transportation in the South
Most towns were located on the coast or by rivers
Few canals existed and roads were poor
The South had fewer railroads than the North
Southern railroads were short, local, and not interlinked
Only 1/3 of the nation’s rail lines were in the South
This rail shortage would seriously hinder the South during the Civil War

13. Essential Question
How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?
The South’s economy was based on agriculture/ The North’s economy was based on industry
The South’s economy depended on slavery, while slavery had almost disappeared in the North
How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?

14. The demand for cotton from the South came from mills in
Mexico
the North
Europe
Asia

15. A shortage of what would have devastating consequences for the South during the Civil War?
canals
railroads
rivers
roads

16. What did the thriving economy of the South depend on?
tobacco
rice
slavery
railroads

17. Which of the following kept the price of cotton high in the years before 1860?
cotton gin
demand in Europe
slavery
large plantations

18. Which area became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people throughout the South?
Deep South
Upper South
Louisiana
South Carolina

19. The main crop of the Deep South was
sugarcane.
tobacco.
cotton.
rice.

20. The entire South had a lower value of manufactured goods than
Rhode Island.
Pennsylvania.
Ohio.
Massachusetts.

21. What South Carolina merchant opened a textile factory?
William Gregg
Joseph Reid Anderson
Eli Whitney
Eyre Crowe

22. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

23. Team Scores
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5