1. Group 4 Stapler Material Analysis
Sample 2a - Stapler Housing
7 - Spring
8 - Anvil
9 - Pin

2. Experimental Issues
During SEM experiments, organic oils are used. This evaporates, causing a background ‘noise’ of carbon during SEM analysis.
Contamination from Bakelite could also occur.
Calculation of Carbon content in materials is difficult.

3. Nickel Plating
Nickel coating may have a carbon content in it as part of the manufacturing process. Plating solutions can contain carbon to prolong life
Could contain organic compounds to eliminate the mechanical polishing process

4. Sample 2a – Staple Housing
Low quality steel
Ferrite structure with low carbon content (1.9 C %wt, 97.1 Fe %wt)
94.6 HV

5. Sample 7 – Spring Nickel plating
Forming occurs via cold drawing process.
655 HV due to high volume of dislocations

6. Sample 8 - Anvil Nickel plated Martensite at edges Cementite present
Quenching process
Carburisation (6 C %wt, 94 Fe %wt)
135 HV in bulk of material

7. Sample 9 - Pin
Ferrite structure with some inclusions (4.5 C % wt, 95 Fe %wt)
Forming can be seen in pin cross section.
221 HV
Low quality steel

8. Potential Alternatives
Recyclable materials
Alternative design
Multifunctional

9. Bibliography
R.E.Smallman, R.J.Bishop, (1995), Metals and Materials, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA
P.E.J. Flewitt, R.K.Wild, (2003),Physical Methods for Material Characterisation, 2nd ed, IoP, UK
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10. Thank you!
Questions ?