1. Classification and other evaluations in DDH

2. Graf’s standard coronal section through the deepest part of the acetabulum illustrating key structures (A), the angle (B), and the femoral head coverage (C).

5. Rosendahl’s modification of the Graf classification based on the standard coronal section: A, normal, 60°; B, immature, 50° <60°; C, mild dysplasia 43° <50°; D, significant dysplasia, <43°.

11. On the basis of the AI, the hips were radiographically classified as normal (A), having delayed acetabular ossification (B), or dysplastic (C).

13. Severin,s classification system C E angle 19 degreeIaClass I 16 degreeIbNorma 19 degreeIIaClass II 15 – 19 degreeIIbModerate deformity 15 degreeIIIaClass III IIIbDysplasia without subluxation 0IVaClass IV 0IVbSubluxation PseudoacetabulumClass V RedislocationClass VI

16. 1. Hip stable in neutral position—no osteotom 2. Hip stable in flexion and abduction innominate osteotomy 3. Hip stable in internal rotation and abduction—proximal femoral derotational varus osteotomy 4. “Double-diameter” acetabulum with anterolateral deficiency—Pemberton-type osteotomy

17. A-one-stage-open-reduction-with-salter-s-innominate- osteotomy-and-corrective-femoral-osteotomy-for-the- treatment-of-congenital-dysplasia-of-the-hip