1. Chapter 10
Drawing Conclusions

2. Lecture Launcher
Give an example of a time when you drew the wrong conclusion. Explain why you drew the wrong conclusion.

3. Drawing Logical Conclusions Finding the Author’s Point of View
Chapter 10 Brief Outline
Drawing Logical Conclusions
Finding the Author’s Point of View
Recognizing Propaganda

4. Chapter 10 Vocabulary
inferred
drawing conclusions
logical inference
assumption
stereotype
fact
opinion
bias
expert opinion
propaganda
image advertising
bandwagoning
testimonial
plain folks
name calling
weasel words
euphemism
loaded word

5. Drawing Logical Conclusions
Chapter 10
Drawing Logical Conclusions
Logical Inferences- Conclusions that cannot be avoided
Assumptions- Conclusions based on background knowledge

6. Chapter 10
Identify your assumptions about each of the following:
Your institution
International students
One of your instructors
faculty at your institution
People who get degrees in your major
One of the students in this class
How do you know if your assumptions are correct?

7. Finding the Author’s Point of View
Chapter 10
Finding the Author’s Point of View
A. Finding the Author’s Purpose- Authors write to inform, entertain or persuade.
Informative Writing- Authors will try to give information in clear and understandable ways.
Persuasive Writing- Authors will try to change your beliefs. .

8. Finding the Author’s Point of View
Chapter 10
Finding the Author’s Point of View
B. The Difference between Fact and Opinion- You can’t believe everything you read.
Facts- Statements of truth.
Opinions- statements which are a kind of truth.
a. Bias- When opinions are expressed as facts.
b. Expert Opinions- Given by professionals.

9. Chapter 10
Determine if each statement is a fact, opinion, or expert opinion.
According to the Director of Admissions, 20% more students applied to go to my college last year.
According to my sister, private colleges are better than public colleges.
According to my schedule, I am a full-time student.
People in my math class make good grades in math.
My instructor won a teaching award last year.
An article in our campus newspaper said that students on campus experience less stress than students that live off campus.

10. Recognizing Propaganda
Chapter 10
Recognizing Propaganda
A. Image Advertising- Advertisers want you to connect the product with the person (usually a celebrity).
B. Bandwagoning- “Everybody has one, so you have to have it too.”
C. Testimonial- A famous person or authority says the product is good.
D. Plain Folks- Wants you to trust the advice of the average person.
E. Name Calling- A product is made to appear better than another by using unfair comparisons.
F. Weasel Words- Meanings cannot be pinned down.
G. Euphemisms- Replace bad phrases with good phrases.
H. Loaded Words- Replace good phrases with bad phrases.

11. Chapter 10
Think of a TV or radio commercial for each of the following products and tell what kind of propaganda technique it used:
car
hair care product
beverage
fast food restaurant
clothing
product or service of your choice

12. Directed Test Preparation Activity
Chapter 10
LEARNING TIP:
Directed Test Preparation Activity
What is the hardest part of preparing for tests for you? Why?
How can DTPA help you prepare for tests more easily?

13. Chapter 10
REFLECTION
How can drawing logical conclusions help you recognize the effects of propaganda?