1. World Class Education www.kean.edu

2. Topic 4 Slavery and the Sectional Crisis Topic 4 Slavery and the Sectional Crisis 1

3. Outline 1. The Antebellum South 2. Slavery and the “Cotton Kingdom” 3. Compromise of 1820 4. The Abolitionist movement 5. Slavery and the Mexican Cession 6. Compromise of 1850 7. Fugitive Slave Act (1850) 8. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) 9. “Bleeding Kansas” 10. The Republican Party 11. Election of 1856 12. Dred Scott Case (1857) 13. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) 14. John Brown’s Raid (1859) 15. Election of 1860 2

4. The Structure of Antebellum Southern Society Large Slaveholders Small Slaveholders Yeomen Farmers Poor Whites Slaves 3

5.  The Stono Rebellion (1739, South Carolina)  Gabriel’s Rebellion(1800, Virginia)  Louisiana Territory Slave Rebellion, led by  Denmark Vessey Plot (1822, South Carolina)  Nat Turner’s (1831, Virginia ) 4

6. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin 5

7.  Henry Clay fashions an agreement  Maine enters union as free state  Missouri enters union as slave state  All territory north of 36° 30´ closed to slavery in Louisiana Purchase region Thomas Jefferson: “Fire Bell in the Night” 6

8. Abolitionist Movement  Abolitionist - a vocal minority  Demand end to the institution  Violation of the Bible  Emphasis on cruel and inhuman treatment  Degraded both slave and master  Uncle Tom’s Cabin – best seller 7

9.  Wendell Phillips: orator  Frederick Douglass: former slave and journalist  William Lloyd Garrison: journalist (The Liberator)  Harriet Tubman: former slave, underground railroad  Sara and Angelina Grimké: educators  Owen Lovejoy: journalist 8

10.  Territorial division formula: Missouri Compromise (1820);Compromise of 1850; Crittenden Compromise (proposed 1860)  Free-Soil formula: Wilmot Proviso (proposed 1846) – no expansion of slavery  Pro-Slavery formula: John C. Calhoun’s position in 1847; Dred Scott decision (1857) – Federal government cannot restrict expansion  Popular Sovereignty formula: Lewis Cass / Stephen Douglas – let voters decide in territories – Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) 9

11. Slavery Controversy Continues Slavery Controversy Continues  The Wilmot Proviso (1848)  Compromise of 1850  Fugitive Slave Act (1850)  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)  Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)  “Bleeding Kansas”  Brooks-Sumner Incident (1856)  Dred Scott Case (1857)  Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) / Freeport Doctrine / Popular Sovergniity  John Brown’s Raid (1859)  Election of 1860  Secession of Southern states, Dec 1860 – May 1861 10

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13.  Kenneth Stampp, The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the ante-bellum South  Peter Kolchin, American Slavery: 1691-1877 12