3. UK Agency for the support of: High Energy Physics - the nature of matter and mass Particle Astrophysics - laws from natural phenomena Astronomy - the nature and origin of the Universe Solar System - the nature of the Sun and its planets PARTICLE PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY RESEARCH COUNCIL Science GRIDs for Science

4. We are fairly sure that there is a lot of stuff in the Universe which we dont know about - School Talk, 2001 Now things have got much clearer: we are now much more certain that we know absolutely nothing about most of the Universe - School Talk, 2003

5. Dark Matter: Dark Energy: Stars: Free H & He: Cosmic Pie Heavy Elements: Neutrinos: Source of slide: Kolb

8. Virtual Observatories IRAS 25 2MASS 2 DSS Optical IRAS 100 NVSS 20cm GB 6cm ROSAT ~keV WENSS 92cm Observations made across entire electromagnetic spectrum Different views of a local galaxy Need all of them to understand physics fully Databases are located throughout the world See AstroGrid Talks by Nic Walton (wed) Guy Rixon (thurs)

9. Particle Physics Astronomy & Astro- Physics

10. Mechanism of explaining the mass of matter still awaits a crucial verification: discovery of the HIGGS particle There are many possible explanations of dark matter based upon undiscovered particles

11. 3. annihilate to produce energy 1. Take matter and anti-matter ? ? HIGGS Super Symmetric Particles 2. Accelerate and collide 4. new particles are made from the energy

12. CERN Large Hadron Collider The worlds most powerful particle accelerator Due to turn on in 2007 Will collide protons at 7 Tera Electon Volts….

13. 4 LHC Experiments ALICE - heavy ion collisions, to create quark-gluon plasmas - 50,000 particles in each collision LHCb - to study the differences between matter and antimatter - producing over 100 million b and b-bar mesons each year ATLAS - general purpose: origin of mass, supersymmetry, micro-black holes - 2,000 scientists from 34 countries CMS - general purpose detector - muon tracking, electromagnetic calorimeter, central tracking and hadron calorimeter

14. ... Proton collisions produce a lot of debris.... proton (or anti-proton)

15. Each event is complicated: The LHC Data Challenge Typical Selectivity: 1 in 10 11 Like looking for 1 person in a ten world populations Or for a needle in 200,000 haystacks!

16. ~1-10 Gbps Tier2 Center Online System CERN Institut e ~20 PBytes/year ~PByte/sec ~10-100 Gbps France Center Tier2 Center Experiment UK Centre GEANT Network National Network ~10 Gbps Germany Center Italy Center USA Centers …others

17. The GridPP Project 19 UK Universities, CCLRC (RAL & Daresbury) and CERN Funded by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) GridPP1 - 2001-2004 £17m "From Web to Grid" GridPP2 - 2004-2007 £15m "From Prototype to Production"

18. Management Travel etc UK Tier-1/A Regional Centre Hardware UK Tier-2 Regional Centres Manpower UK Tier-1/A Manpower LHC Computing Grid Project (LCG) Manpower Middleware, Security and Networking Manpower Grid Application Development LHC and US Experiments + Lattice QCD, Phenomenology and Generic Portal

19. Middleware Development Configuration Management Storage Interfaces Network Monitoring Security Information Services Grid Data Management

20. Application Development GANGA SAMGrid Lattice QCD ARDA CMS BaBar

21. Deployment : UK Tier-1@ RAL High quality data services National and International Role UK focus for International Grid development 700 Dual CPU 80 TB Disk 60 TB Tape (Capacity 1PB) Grid Operations Centre

22. Deployment: UK Tier-2 Centres ScotGrid Durham, Edinburgh, Glasgow NorthGrid Daresbury, Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield SouthGrid Birmingham, Bristol, Cambridge, Oxford, RAL PPD, Warwick LondonGrid Brunel, Imperial, QMUL, RHUL, UCL Mostly funded by HEFCE

23. …please see the demo….. http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/e-science/projects/demo/index.html

24. Further Info http://www.gridpp.ac.uk