2.  The regulationof the money supply and interest rates by a central bank, such as the Reserve Bank of India in order to control inflation and stabilize currency.Monetary policy is one the two ways the government can impact the economy. By impacting the effective cost of money, the Reserve Bank can affect the amount of money that is spent by consumers and businesses.regulationmoney supplyand interestratescentral bank Reserve Borderinflation currencyMonetarypolicy governmentimpacteconomyeffectivecost of money affectamountmoney consumersbusinesses

3.  According to Prof. Harry Johnson,"A policy employing the central banks control of the supply of money as an instrument for achieving the objectives of general economic policy is a monetary policy".  According to A.G. Hart, "A policy which influences the public stock of money substitute of public demand for such assets of both that is policy which influences public liquidity position is known as a monetary policy".

4.  Rapid Economic Growth  Price Stability  Exchange Rate Stability  Balance of Payments (BOP) Equilibrium  Full Employment  Neutrality of Money  Equal Income Distribution  In India, the RBI has always aimed at the controlled expansion of bank credit and money supply, with special attention to the seasonal needs of a credit

6.  The instrument of monetary policy are tools or devise which are used by the monetary authority in order to attain some predetermined objectives. There are two types of instruments of the monetary policy  Quantitative Instruments or General Tools  Qualitative Instruments or Selective Tools

7.  Bank Rate Policy  Open Market Operations  Variation in the Reserve Ratio

8.  Fixing Margin Requirements  Consumer Credit Regulation  Publicity  Credit Rationing  Moral Suasion  Control through Directives  Direct Action

10.  Though the monetary policy is useful in attaining many goals of economic policy, it is not free from certain limitations. Some of the important limitations of the monetary policy are given below  There exist a Non-Monetized Sector  Excess Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFI)  Existence of Unorganized Financial Markets  Higher Liquidity Hinders Monetary Policy  Money Not Appearing in an Economy  Time Lag Affects Success of Monetary Policy Monetary & Fiscal Policy Lack Coordination

12.  The major changes in the Indian Monetary policy during the decade of 1990. Reduced CRR and SLR requirements Increased Micro Finance Fiscal Monetary Separation Changed Interest Rate Structure Changes in Accordance with the External reforms Higher Market Orientation for Banking

13.  During the reforms, though, the Monetary policy has achieved higher success in the Monetary policy, it is not free from limitation or demerits  Failed in Tackling Budgetary Deficit  Limited Coverage  Unorganised Money Market  Predominance of Cash Transactions  Increased Volatility

14. The following are the highlights of the Monetary Policy Statement for 2011-12 by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor D Subbarao: * Short term lending rate (repo) hiked by 50 bps to 7.25 pc. * Repo rate to be only effective policy rate to better signal monetary policy stance from now on. * Reverse repo to be fixed 100 bps lower than the repo rate. * Short-term borrowing rate (reverse repo) up by 50 bps to 6.25 pc. * Cash reserve ratio (CRR) and bank rate left unchanged at 6 pc each. Interest rates on savings bank deposits hiked to 4 pc from 3.5 pc (contd)

15.  * Economic growth projected lower at 8 pc for FY'12.  * WPI inflation projection lowered to 6 pc.  * Objective is to contain inflation by curbing demand-side pressures.  * Favours aligning of fuel prices with international crude prices to avert widening of fiscal deficit.  * Banks to get a new overnight borrowing window under Marginal Standing Facility at 8.25 pc.  * Likelihood of oil prices moderating significantly is low.  * Malegam Committee recommendations on MFI sector broadly accepted.  * Bank loan to MFIs on or after April 1, 2011, will be treated as priority sector loans.