1. 10 Feb 2015 Safety Meeting

2. Agenda for Tonight Welcome and Remarks by Club President BoD Update to Members Safety Meeting: Human Factors and Pilot Decision Making

3. Human Factors and Pilot Decision Making

4. Tonight, We Will Cover General Aviation vs. other types of Flying Aeronautical Decision-Making “PAVE” Model Case Studies

5. Aviation vs Other Endeavors Unlike other regulations, which are designed to protect the weakest or least-skilled member of a group, the FAA designs its regulations to maximize the capabilities of the best pilots and aircraft. This is because the FAA has a dual purpose of promoting aviation while at the same time regulating its safety. -Richard Jensen, Ph.D, Director, Ohio State University Aviation Psychology Laboratory

6. General Aviation vs. Other Types of Aviation Military and Airline Operations Other Commercial Operations Flying ClubGeneral Aviation -Third Class* Medical Exams -Annual Flight Check -Aircraft Checkouts/Currencies -FAR Parts 61/91 -BUPERSINST 1710.22 -Safety Meetings, PIF

7. Failed or Absent Defenses Organizational Factors Unsafe Supervision Preconditions for Unsafe Acts Unsafe Acts Adapted from Reason (1990) Accident & Injury Reason’s “Swiss-cheese” Model of Human Error

8. Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) 80% of all Aviation Accidents due to Human Factors Over 50% are due to poor judgement So how do we help pilots make better decisions?

9. So, What is it? ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances

10. Decision-Making Process ANTICIPATE EVALUATE RECOGNIZE ACT

11. Scope of ADM--“PAVE” Pilot (IMSAFE) Aircraft enVironment External pressures

12. Pilot--“IMSAFE” Illness Medications Stress Alcohol Fatigue Emotions/Eating

13. Aircraft Performance Fuel Requirements Emergency Equipment/Procedures Systems Knowledge

14. EnVironment Weather Airport Conditions Terrain Airspace

15. External Pressures Trip Planning Alternate Plans Personal Equipment

16. Personal Minimums Aircraft Currency Weather Crosswind Fuel

17. Scenario 1 Experienced ‘Bush Pilot’ in Stinson 108-3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVM3RRd1vf0

18. Scenario 2 Private Pilot working on Instrument Rating VFR Night Cross Country Flight with Ground Visual Checkpoints

19. Scenario 3

20. Final Thoughts Integrity Breaking the Accident Chain Begins Well Before the Flight Takes Changes Into Account Personal Minimums

21. Additional Resources ‒AC 60-22, “Aeronautical Decision Making” ‒Redefining Airmanship, Tony Kern ‒Videos ‒“Do The Right Thing,” AOPA Air Safety Foundation ‒“Anatomy of a General Aviation Accident” 2014 ‒“Making the Right Decisions” NTSB Brief 2012 Sun N’ Fun ‒“General Aviation Pilot Decision Making”

22. Questions/Comments Chuck Melton (757) 812-3721 cm814652@gmail.com

23. Preview—Next Safety Meeting BASH (LT Clay Martin) – 10 Mar 2015

24. Future Safety Meeting Subjects Human Factors and Pilot Decision Making Local Flying Area Problems Mid-Air Collision Prevention Seasonal Flying Hazards (including Wx and Bird Migration) Light Aircraft Maintenance and Potential Problem Areas Mishap Reports Wake Turbulence, Thunderstorms, Microbursts, Crosswinds, Flight Planning and Fuel Management Lost Pilot and other Emergency Procedures Spatial Disorientation, Survival, and Hypoxia Medication and Self-Medicating Hazards Mountain flying Cross-Country Flying