1. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com 03/17/09Rev. 1.0SL-1-FIFMT-3 FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training MODULE 3 Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)

2. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com SL-2-FIFMT-3 Objectives Upon completing this lesson: –You will understand single-pilot resource management including ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and CFIT avoidance. –You will also know the 5Ps (plan, plane, pilot, passengers, and programming) and how to use them to increase or regain SA.

3. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com SL-3-FIFMT-3 Overview Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) Risk Management (RM) Automation Management (AM) Task Management (TM) Situational Awareness (SA) 5Ps CFIT Avoidance

4. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) SRM is the art and science of managing all resources (both on-board the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior and during flight) to ensure the successful outcome of the flight is never in doubt. SL-4-FIFMT-3

5. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com SRM SRM is the single pilot version of CRM. –It emphasis judgment and decision-making rather than teambuilding and synergy. SRM includes ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and CFIT avoidance. SL-5-FIFMT-3

6. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process and mental skills used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. –It is important to include both the mental process and mental skills in the definition and application of ADM. SL-6-FIFMT-3

7. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com ADM (cont.) Previously mental skills were overlooked in flight training. Now we know that these mental skills need and can be taught. –These mental skills are analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. SL-7-FIFMT-3

8. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Poor Decision-Making Skills It is not difficult to see that a pilot is not likely to make good decisions with a poor ability to analysis a problem or situation. Likewise, a pilot is un-likely to make good decisions with poor abilities to synthesis and evaluate. Analysis, synthesis, and evaluate are the underlying judgment and decision-making skills. SL-8-FIFMT-3

9. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Risk Management (RM) RM is a decision-making process designed to systematically identify hazards, assess the degree of risk, and determine the best course of action. RM checklist can be found at: –http://www.faa.gov/education_research/tr aining/fits/guidance/media/personal minimums checklist.pdfhttp://www.faa.gov/education_research/tr aining/fits/guidance/media/personal minimums checklist.pdf SL-9-FIFMT-3

10. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Automation Management (AM) Advanced avionics requires specific training on how to use the avionics effectively. There is more information available than can be displayed at one time. –Information is organized and presented on pages and/or on groups of pages. SL-10-FIFMT-3

11. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com AM (cont.) Pilots must be taught how to use and must practice using the equipment until competency. Best practices are the subject of ongoing research. –The autopilot is needed, if not required, to effectively use the available information. SL-11-FIFMT-3

12. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Task Management (TM) Task management is defined as prioritizing and selecting the more appropriate tasks (or series of tasks) to ensure successful completion of the flight. SL-12-FIFMT-3

13. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Task Management (TM) (cont.) Task management is not a new concept; however, it has taken on more importance with the increase in complexity of the avionics. –Automation, information, and task management are closely related, in many situations, overlap and are often inseparable. SL-13-FIFMT-3

14. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Situational Awareness (SA) Means to be aware of all factors such as traffic, weather, fuel state, aircraft mechanical condition, and pilot fatigue level that may have an impact on the successful completion of the flight. Lack of SA means the pilot will not make necessary decisions. SL-14-FIFMT-3

15. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com The 5Ps – Practical Application of SRM The 5Ps are a suggested technique for maintaining or regaining SA. The 5Ps are the: –Plan –Plane –Pilot –Passengers –Programming SL-15-FIFMT-3

16. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Plan Can be called the mission or the task Basic elements –Cross country planning Weather Route Fuel Publications currency Etc. SL-16-FIFMT-3

17. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Plane Consists of the usual array of cosmetic and mechanical issues that every aircraft pilot, owner, or operator can identity. Now includes: –database currency, –automation status, and –emergency/backup systems SL-17-FIFMT-3

18. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Pilot “IMSAFE” checklist is a good starting point. Advanced avionics may lead to: –exposure to high altitude flying, –longer distance and endurance, and –more challenging weather due to longer distances. SL-18-FIFMT-3

19. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Passengers The single-engine pilot must recognize the very personal relationship with the passengers. –In fact, the passenger is within an arms reach at all times. –The passenger’s well being including health, concerns, etc. will affect the flight and must be considered. SL-19-FIFMT-3

20. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Can passengers be a resource? Pilots and non-pilots? SL-20-FIFMT-3

21. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Programming TAAs add the need to enter and maintain the navigational equipment. –This requires attention and competency. –Can cause task management issues. If the advanced avionics equipment is not programmed, what information is available and what is un-available? SL-21-FIFMT-3

22. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Practice Exercise SL-22-FIFMT-3

23. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com With a partner: List the actions a pilot should take for each of the 5Ps –before takeoff –during the flight Develop a plan for when or how often (decision points) the 5Ps should be used during the flight. SL-23-FIFMT-3

24. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com 5P Resource Course Developer’s Guide –http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/trainin g/fits/training/generic/media/course_devel opers.pdfhttp://www.faa.gov/training_testing/trainin g/fits/training/generic/media/course_devel opers.pdf –Top of page 40. SL-24-FIFMT-3

25. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Avoidance of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) Controlled flight into terrain is a significant problem in GA. The distractions that the advanced avionics could present must be considered. SL-25-FIFMT-3

26. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com CFIT Avoidance Understand, describe, and apply techniques to avoid CFIT encounters: –during inadvertent encounters with IMC during VFR flight and –during system and physiological incidents during IFR flight. Maintain SA by using the 5Ps before leaving cruise altitude. SL-26-FIFMT-3

27. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com Practice Exercise SL-27-FIFMT-3

28. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com With a partner: Describe the techniques or actions that can be used to avoid CFIT. SL-28-FIFMT-3

29. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com SL-29-FIFMT-3 Review Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) Risk Management (RM) Automation Management (AM) Task Management (TM) Situational Awareness (SA) 5Ps CFIT Avoidance

30. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com SL-30-FIFMT-3 Objectives Upon completing this lesson: –You will understand single-pilot resource management including ADM, RM, AM, TM, SA, and CFIT avoidance. –You will also know the 5Ps (plan, plane, pilot, passengers, and programming) and how to use them to increase or regain SA.

31. Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from www.avhf.com 03/17/09Rev. 1.0SL-31-FIFMT-3 FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training MODULE 3 Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) The End