1. Manmade Wonders of the World: Mamayev Kurgan Работу выполнила КоноваловаЕленаИвановна

2. History of Mamayev Kurgan Mamayev Kurgan got its name during the period of the Mongol invasions. The top of the hill used to be a guard post during the reign of Khan Mamai. One hundred troops that were devoted to the khan and picked from his personal bodyguard would stand guard on this hill to protect the capital of the Sarai Berke Khanate from sudden attack. Mamayev Kurgan got its name during the period of the Mongol invasions. The top of the hill used to be a guard post during the reign of Khan Mamai. One hundred troops that were devoted to the khan and picked from his personal bodyguard would stand guard on this hill to protect the capital of the Sarai Berke Khanate from sudden attack.

3. The Memorial Complex at Mamayev Kurgan Figures indicate: 1. Memorial Park 2. Alley of Friendship 3. High relief-introductory set to the memorial complex 4. Poplar Alley 5. Stone tableau entitled "Fight to the Death" 6. The set "Ruined Walls" 7. Heroes' Square 8. Entrance to Hall of Valour 9. Pantheon 10. Square of Sorrow 11. Common Graves 12. Symbolic figure of the Motherland.

4. Information on the Memorial Complex at Mamayev Kurgan Designers and Sculptors: Chief Sculptor Ye. Vuchetich Chief Architect Ya. Byelopolsky Architects:V. Demin, F. Lysov Sculptors:M. Alyeshchenko, V. Matrosov, L. Maistrenko, A. Melnik, V. Morgunov, N. Novikov, A. Tyurenkov A. Melnik, V. Morgunov, N. Novikov, A. Tyurenkov Chief Engineer N. Nikitin Chief Engineer N. Nikitin Military Consultant V. Chuikov. Military Consultant V. Chuikov. In 1970, Vuchetich, Byelopolsky, Demin, Matrosov, Novikov and Tyurenkov were awarded the Lenin Prize for their work on the Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex. In 1970, Vuchetich, Byelopolsky, Demin, Matrosov, Novikov and Tyurenkov were awarded the Lenin Prize for their work on the Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex. The whole complex took more than 8 years to build. The whole complex took more than 8 years to build. It was opened on October 15th, 1967. It was opened on October 15th, 1967.

5. The idea of erecting a magnificent monument in the hero-city itself in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad was mooted immediately after the war. From 1945 to 1955 a competition was held across the whole country to find the best design for a monument of this kind. The winning entry was that submitted by the sculptor Eugenie Vuchetich, People's Artist of the Soviet Union. The idea of erecting a magnificent monument in the hero-city itself in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad was mooted immediately after the war. From 1945 to 1955 a competition was held across the whole country to find the best design for a monument of this kind. The winning entry was that submitted by the sculptor Eugenie Vuchetich, People's Artist of the Soviet Union.

6. More than 1 million cubic metres of earth was moved. Approximately 20 thousand cubic metres of concrete were laid and more than 25 thousand tons of metal used. More than 1 million cubic metres of earth was moved. Approximately 20 thousand cubic metres of concrete were laid and more than 25 thousand tons of metal used. Facts and Figures

7. Introductory Mural The wall is 17 m long, 8 m high and 3 m wide and its base is 0.75 m in height. It is made of a single hollow block of ferro- concrete and contains 11 figures. The wall is 17 m long, 8 m high and 3 m wide and its base is 0.75 m in height. It is made of a single hollow block of ferro- concrete and contains 11 figures.

8. The Granite Steps They rise to a height of 10 m. They rise to a height of 10 m. Steps lead upwards to the Avenue of Lombardy Poplars, which runs straight as an arrow. Steps lead upwards to the Avenue of Lombardy Poplars, which runs straight as an arrow.

9. The Avenue of Lombardy Poplars It is 223 m long. It rises gradually to a height of 20 m. It is 223 m long. It rises gradually to a height of 20 m.

10. "Fight to the Death!" Square The height of the statue is 16.5 m and the base 12.5 m x 15 m. The height of the statue is 16.5 m and the base 12.5 m x 15 m. The figure is symbolic of the whole Soviet people, fighting to the death. The soldier is flesh and blood of his Motherland. The figure is symbolic of the whole Soviet people, fighting to the death. The soldier is flesh and blood of his Motherland.

11. Ruined Walls The set is made from a solid block of ferroconcrete. The walls are 64 m long each and the height varies from 17.5 at the highest point to 5 m at the lowest. In width they range from 4.5 m to 2 m. The steps are 40 m at the widest point and 18 m at the narrowest. The set is made from a solid block of ferroconcrete. The walls are 64 m long each and the height varies from 17.5 at the highest point to 5 m at the lowest. In width they range from 4.5 m to 2 m. The steps are 40 m at the widest point and 18 m at the narrowest.

12. Ruined Walls They show scenes of the fierce fighting that took place for every house. The inscriptions on the Walls are documentary. They had been selected from the walls of the ruined city. They show scenes of the fierce fighting that took place for every house. The inscriptions on the Walls are documentary. They had been selected from the walls of the ruined city.

13. Heroes' Square The overall dimensions of the pool are 25.6 m x 86 m and its surface area is 2,200 sq. m. It is built from a solid water­ proofed block of ferro-concrete and faced with slabs of forged grey granite 1 m wide. The wall is brick and set on a concrete base. It is 112 m long, 8 m high and 1 m wide. All the sculptured sets are made from solid blocks of ferro-concrete. The figures are 6 m and their bases are 1 m in height.

14. “Were they mortal?” On the Heroes’ Square there are six sculptural sets, placed, as it were, in answer to this question. Each tells a story in stone of the courage displayed by the defenders of Stalingrad On the Heroes’ Square there are six sculptural sets, placed, as it were, in answer to this question. Each tells a story in stone of the courage displayed by the defenders of Stalingrad

15. The Hall of Valour It is cylindrical in shape. With a diameter of 40 m and a height of 13.5 m. The hall itself is partially sunk into the ground and the section below ground-level is made from a solid ferro-concrete block with pre-fabricated ferro- concrete fittings. The walls from ground-level to the ceiling are lined with bricks united with cement. The roof is made from a solid block of ferro-concrete with 36 ribs and an opening 11 m in diameter. The ground area of the hall is 1,250sq. m. The hand is made from white ornamental cement and faced with marble chips. The floor is polished black granite. Against the background golden smelt there are 34 flags bearing the names of the fallen. Around the hall there are 13 columns, each 9 m in height and It is cylindrical in shape. With a diameter of 40 m and a height of 13.5 m. The hall itself is partially sunk into the ground and the section below ground-level is made from a solid ferro-concrete block with pre-fabricated ferro- concrete fittings. The walls from ground-level to the ceiling are lined with bricks united with cement. The roof is made from a solid block of ferro-concrete with 36 ribs and an opening 11 m in diameter. The ground area of the hall is 1,250sq. m. The hand is made from white ornamental cement and faced with marble chips. The floor is polished black granite. Against the background golden smelt there are 34 flags bearing the names of the fallen. Around the hall there are 13 columns, each 9 m in height and 2 x 2 m across. 2 x 2 m across.

16. The Guard of Honour was inaugurated on January 28th, 1968. Soldiers stand on guard from 9 a. m. until 7 or 8 p. m. (depending on the time of the year). Changing of the guard takes place every hour. Trooping the colours takes place on the Square of Grief once a day (5 p. m. in winter and 6 p. m. in summer). The ceremony takes place to the accompaniment of a military band and in the presence of the whole duty guard for that day.

17. The Square of Grief The Square of Grief It is 11 m high. It is 11 m high. The overall volume of the mound is 221.5 thousand cubic metres. The width of the path that winds round it is 2 m. The overall volume of the mound is 221.5 thousand cubic metres. The width of the path that winds round it is 2 m.

18. The statue on the Square of Grief A mother bends over a fallen soldier, whose face is covered by the flag. Other women will come and see under that flag the faces of their loved ones – husbands, fathers, brothers. A mother bends over a fallen soldier, whose face is covered by the flag. Other women will come and see under that flag the faces of their loved ones – husbands, fathers, brothers.

19. The Main Monument It is made of solid block of ferro­concrete. It is 52 m in height. The length of the arms is 20 m. The weight of the hanging part of the scarf alone is 250 tons. The figure is 30 times larger than life size. It is not fixed to its base by anything other than its own weight. At night the statue is illuminated by floodlights. It is made of solid block of ferro­concrete. It is 52 m in height. The length of the arms is 20 m. The weight of the hanging part of the scarf alone is 250 tons. The figure is 30 times larger than life size. It is not fixed to its base by anything other than its own weight. At night the statue is illuminated by floodlights.

20. The figure of the Motherland She stands against the wind. She seems to be shouting and pointing in the directions of the Volga. The mother is calling upon her sons and daughters to defend their country in its hour of need. She stands against the wind. She seems to be shouting and pointing in the directions of the Volga. The mother is calling upon her sons and daughters to defend their country in its hour of need.

21. " Motherland is Calling " In the winter of 1972-73 the statue was covered with a special compound to protect it against weathering. This process has to be carried out every 15 to 20 years. In the winter of 1972-73 the statue was covered with a special compound to protect it against weathering. This process has to be carried out every 15 to 20 years. The sword is made from stainless steel. It is 29 m long and weighs 14 tons. The sword is made from stainless steel. It is 29 m long and weighs 14 tons.

22. Mamaev Kurgan The memorial complex on Mamaev Kurgan is dedicated to all those who defended Stalingrad, living and dead, officers and men. It tells in stone the history of the battle of Stalingrad. The memorial complex on Mamaev Kurgan is dedicated to all those who defended Stalingrad, living and dead, officers and men. It tells in stone the history of the battle of Stalingrad.