1. Verena Radoczky June 28th, 2005

2. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 2 Overview  Introduction  Definitions  Hypothesis  Research Questions  Methods  Summary DefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummaryIntroduction

3. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 3 Introduction In the last few years: navigation systems gained more importance State of the art: –Outdoor LBS: Car Navigation Systems: widely accepted Pedestrian Navigation Systems: rarely –Indoor LBS: Museum Guides: rarely Exhibition Guides: rarely Disadvantages: –Passive systems –Update problems –Not user-adaptive –Multi-functional mobile device required –Landmarks hardly integrated IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummary

4. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 4 Introduction Suggestion for improvement –Combination of active and passive systems –Integration of up-to-date information via active system –Adaptivness to user –Adaptiveness to the user‘s mobile device or to public displays –Integration of landmarks Possible application areas: –shopping centers –complex office buildings –Museums –Airports –train stations –Conferences → → different user situation with different requirements Solution: Ubiquitous Cartography DefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummaryIntroduction

5. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 5 Definition - Ubiquity Latin: –ubi = where –Que = any, also, every –ubique = everywhere German: Allgegenwart Existence or apparent existence everywhere at the same time; omnipresence IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummary

6. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 6 Definition – Ubiquitous Computing (UbiqComp) „in the near future great number of computers will be omnipresent in everyday life, that will be interconnected in a ubiquitous network“ „It is invisible, everywhere computing that does not live on a personal device of any sort, but is in the woodwork everywhere.“ IntroductionHypothesisMethodsSummaryDefinitions First articulated by Mark Weiser, Technologist at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), in 1988

7. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 7 David Fairbairn: –„technological and social development, made possible by mobile and wireless technologies that receives and presents, analyses and acts upon map data which is distributed to a user in a remote location“ –„will revolutionise the way many people interact with maps“ –„people in the field should be able to access location-dependent map data, customised to their own requirements and effectively rendered on their own mobile hardware“ Definition – Ubiquitous Cartography IntroductionHypothesisMethodsSummaryDefinitions

8. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 8 Definition – Ubiquitous Mapping Morita (2004): „includes not only map making but also map use and map communication considering the interaction between map, spatial image, and the real world“; „“ability for users to create and use maps in any place and at any time to resolve spatial problems“ IntroductionHypothesisMethodsSummaryDefinitions Ota (2004): „the definition of ubiquitous mapping is that people can access any map at anywhere and anytime through the information network“

9. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 9 State of the art: Literature on UbiCarto scarce (only definitions, currently no solutions) Revolutionary approach to LBS Idea: –expand (subsitute?) systems with ubiquitous methods –avoid overload of information –Guide user: aware (at decision points) and almost unaware (as ensurance) –Provide additional information –User friendliness IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummary

10. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 10 Hypothesis A combination of active and passive systems with various presentation forms supports the wayfinding process in indoor environments IntroductionDefinitionsMethodsSummaryHypothesis

11. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 11 Research Questions How can we model the navigation behaviour of visitors in unfamiliar buildings? Which technical requirements (devices, interfaces, ranges,…) do we demand for a ubiquitous indoor navigation system? Which types of objects can serve as indoor landmarks? Which cartographic communication techniques are demanded? Which are applicable? How can we combine indoor and outdoor ubiquitous cartography? IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummary

12. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 12 Methods –extensive human-subject-testing –Navigation and routing behaviour of different users (strolling-, planning-, convenient type) –Navigation and routing behaviour in different environments (shopping center, office building, museum, airport,…) –Additional tips and advices that could help decision making and influence route planning (bargains in shopping centers, departure times at airport, lunch break time of friend) IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisSummaryMethods Monitoring the navigation behavior of pedestrians inside of buildings

13. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 13 Methods Analysis of technical requirements for ubiquitous indoor systems –Devices (cell phone, PDA, tablet PC, public display,…) Display (resolution, colour) 3D graphics engine Java/Flash/SVG compatability Camera Memory Internet Compass … –Transfer rates –Range –Density IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisSummaryMethods

14. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 14 Methods Specification of Indoor Landmarks –Individual interrogation of volunteers (describe indoor path, e.g.: to office, shop in shopping center, picture in museum) –Categorise landmarks Outstanding LMs (special paintings, trees, wall paintings,…) Unobtrusive LMs (litter bin, fire extinguisher, information board, elevator, publich ash tray,…) Emotional LMs (favourite shop in shopping center, office of a friend,…) IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisSummaryMethods

15. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 15 Methods –Adaptation of floor plans, 3D- models, sound, text, photographs, videos and VRML to indoor environments –Specification of indoor presentation forms to different transmission techniques, scenarios and users –Ontology for combination of active and passive elements (adaptive) IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisSummaryMethods Analysis and development of cartographic methods for ubiquitous indoor route communication

16. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 16 Methods Combination of indoor and outdoor systems –Seamless change of route presentation –Integration of previously used outdoor visualisation in entrance area of building (and vice versa) > same scale during switch –Suitability test of samples in survey IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisSummaryMethods

17. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 17 Summary Current navigation systems: passive Ubiquitous Cartography: –smart, interconnected network –active –Location dependent map data customised to requirements of user Indoor navigation: relatively new Ubiquitous indoor navigation: brand new → new field of research, many open questions IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummary

18. „Ubiquitous Cartography for Indoor Navigation“June 28 th, 2005Verena Radoczky 18 Thank you for your attention IntroductionDefinitionsHypothesisMethodsSummary