1. Topic Lecture
Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its exploration and/or development of space beyond the Earth’s mesosphere.

2. Quick Thoughts Back to the Future (1990-1991 Topic)
Neither Domestic, Nor International
Space is crazy
Almost anything in space is topical
Differences From Last Year
*Increase vs. Decrease
*Mechanism vs. Country Specific
*People liked it last time, research ability has changed, it should get people excited.
*Obviously has implications for the global community, but the resolution doesn’t require interaction with other countries.
*Space messes with everything we know – science, law, etc.

3. The Science of Space Planets, Asteroids, Moons Solar System, Galaxy
Black Holes, Dark Matter
The Universe is HUGE!!! – And it’s getting bigger And it’s folding in on itself And it’s freezing
Size of Universe Clip

4. The History of Space Everything is in context of the “Cold War”
Ideologically-Bent Space Race Clip
After the Space Race - era of the Space Shuttle
Until recently, exploration and Development is conducted almost exclusively by Governments
Accomplishments & Timeline Clip
Only governments had the money, knowledge, and incentive to go to sapce.

5. The Importance of Space
Communication
Energy
Military Superiority
Prestige
What Else???
Read some cards from different advantages

6. Space: A timely topic CBS Report Clip
What are some reasons why its good to be discussing space right now? What makes this an interesting debate for high school students?

7. Charles Bolden - NASA
"With today's final launch of the space shuttle, we turn the page on a remarkable period of America's history in space while beginning the next chapter in our nation's extraordinary story of exploration ... American leadership in space will continue for at least the next half-century, because we've laid the foundation for success, and for us at NASA, failure is not an option," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden

8. Bush vs. Obama Bush – Vision for Space Exploration
Constellation Project
The Bush National Space Policy was significant – it was announced in 2006 and was a substantial shift from earlier policy.
Obama – National Space Policy – rejects Bush’s policy.
War with Congress
National Security Space Strategy

9. Obama National Space Policy
The United States remains committed to many long-standing tenets in space activities.
The United States calls on all nations to share its commitment to act responsibly in space to help prevent mishaps, misperceptions, and mistrust.
The United States will engage in expanded international cooperation in space activities.
The United States is committed to a robust and competitive industrial base.

10. Obama National Space Policy
The United States recognizes the need for stability in the space environment. 
The United States will advance a bold new approach to space exploration. 
The United States remains committed to the use of space systems in support of its national and homeland security. 

11. Government Agencies NASA Department of Defense Science
Exploration Systems
Operations
Department of Defense
GPS, Guidance, Communication, etc.
Air Force Space Command
Difference between weaponization and militarization
Classified Budget
Talk about budgets (19 billion vs. 22 billion Classified)

12. Agencies for Space
Department of Commerce - The Department of Commerce is mostly involved with developing regulations for the commercial use of space, issuing licenses, promoting international space cooperation agreements. Most of their actions govern satellites – like remote sensing or GPS.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

13. International Law & Space
Outer Space Treaty - Passed in Called the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space. Ratified by 100 nations, including all current space faring nations.
EU Draft Code of Conduct - to create rules of the road for governing the development of space. It was drafted in response to the Chinese and US ASAT tests.
PPWT - Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space – PPWT.

14. Lets see what they are doing!
ce-station-video-nasa_n_ html

15. Exploration
Does it need to be physical – do people need to go up into space? Can it include satellites?
Exploration can involve looking into space or traveling through space for the purpose of discovery.
The general term for exploration signifies investigation, search, study or travel for discovery parallel to a geographic expedition.

16. And/Or
They will say that in order for an affirmative to be topical then it must have both space exploration and development of space. Dictionaries do define and/or to mean either or both – so there may be a debate to be had over whether an affirmative has to have both.

17. Development BIG discussion and what it means to for “development.”
Should this be a narrow interpretation? Why or why not?
The Oxford dictionary defines development as – the process of developing or being developed.
The definition of “develop” in the same dictionary is “to construct or convert so as to improve existing resources.”
Really EVERYTHING is probably topical. The best exploration definitions just exclude development, BUT the resolution includes it. If your aff “UTILIZES SPACE” – it’s development and topical.

18. Beyond the Earth’s Mesosphere
Wording is always important
What is the mesosphere?
31-50 miles above the earth

19. Advantages 1/ Economic Growth Aerospace Competiveness Space Leadership
Education – STEM
Human Exploration
Mining
Space Debris

20. Advantages 2/ Warming Asteroid – Track & Destroy Colonization Energy
Earth Science – Monitor Weather, etc.
International Cooperation
Aliens

21. Organizing Principles (Strategic Nexus Points)
Energy Affs – Solar, Hydrogen
Exploration Affs – E.T., Telescopes, Colonize
Military Affs – DOD, full on weaponize
Mining Affs – Moon, Asteroids, Specific REEs
Monitoring Affs – Tracking, Awareness, Earth
There are going to be a lot of affirmatives – it’s a good idea to organize them into different areas.
When deciding what type of affirmative to run, make sure you have defenses of two things: US Key & Government Action.

22. Match Advantages with Plans!!!
Mechanisms (Plans)
SPS
Mars
Constellation
Debris Removal
Asteroid Detection
James Webb Telescope
Lunar Mining
Deep Space Propulsion
Asteroid Mining
SETI
Weather Monitoring
ASATs
Satellite Improvement
When deciding
Match Advantages with Plans!!!