1. Body System Organization

2. Respiratory system Primary function is to obtain oxygen and remove CO2
Includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air & transport air into and out of the lungs
gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells = respiration
Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production in the cells = cellular respiration

3. Skeletal System
Made up of bones that provide points of attachment for muscles, protect and support softer tissue, house blood producing cells, store inorganic salts, and provide pathways for blood vessels and nerves
Also includes your cartilage (tendons and ligaments)

4. Integumentary System Includes: Cutaneous membrane, aka skin
Other accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.
Protect the body from drying out and having foreign items entering in

5. Muscular System
Muscles and organs composed of specialized cells that use chemical energy stored in nutrients to contract
Actions include: muscle tone, propel body fluids and food, generate heartbeat, and distribute heat

6. Nervous System
Sensory information is brought into and sent out of the brain and spinal cord
Comprised of neurons, aka nerve cells
Nerve impulses are chemical reactions that allow them to communicate from cell to cell.
Dendrites and axons are extensions of the cell
nervous tissue – bundles of axons and neuroglial cells
Can be divided into two systems – Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

7. Endocrine System Endocrine glands – secrete hormones
Act on cells called target cells (occur over a long period of time)
Can be used as messenger molecules – paracrine and autocrine.
Exocrine glands – secrete “stuff” outside the body.
Include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland. The pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus gland

8. Cardiovascular System
Brings oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and removes waste
Comprised of a pump (heart) and its vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and blood
Closed system
If didn’t exist, no oxygen or nutrients would be delivered, CO2/wastes would build up

9. Lymphatic and Immunity System
Network of vessels and transports fluids
Similar to the cardiovascular system
Carry away excess fluids from body to blood stream
Launch both generalized and targeted attacks against foreign objects or toxins
Consists of: lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen.

10. Digestive System Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods
Absorption of resulting nutrients by cells.
Consists of the alimentary canal – mouth to anus.
186 sq. meters long
Supplies body cells with nutrients
Includes: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, small and large intestine

11. Urinary System Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes
Helps to maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes
Regulates pH and volume of body fluid
Helps to control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Kidneys – remove substances and regulate metabolism
Ureters – transport urine from kidneys
Urinary bladder – stores urine
Urethra – moves urine outside the body
Urinary System