1. 1 The Past, Present, and Future of the NATC’s Public Radiation Safety Research Program Jason T. Harris David W. Miller, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/NATC Dept. of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering

2. 2 Background The North American Technical Center (NATC) was established in 1995 by U.S., Canadian and Mexican utility radiation managers The North American Technical Center (NATC) was established in 1995 by U.S., Canadian and Mexican utility radiation managers Located in the Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois (Urbana- Champaign) Located in the Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering at the University of Illinois (Urbana- Champaign) David W. Miller, Ph.D. – NATC Regional Director David W. Miller, Ph.D. – NATC Regional Director Host utility is D.C.Cook, American Electric Power, Bridgman, Michigan Host utility is D.C.Cook, American Electric Power, Bridgman, Michigan

3. 3 Background (cont.) Original purpose was to manage, analyze data, and disseminate information for the ISOE (Information System on Occupational Exposure) Databases Original purpose was to manage, analyze data, and disseminate information for the ISOE (Information System on Occupational Exposure) Databases The ISOE program was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 and subsequently co-sponsored by the IAEA for non-NEA Member countries The ISOE program was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 and subsequently co-sponsored by the IAEA for non-NEA Member countries ISOE is a data collection and communications network for nuclear electric utilities and national regulatory agencies. ISOE is a data collection and communications network for nuclear electric utilities and national regulatory agencies. The objective of the program (and that of NATC) is: The objective of the program (and that of NATC) is: to provide a worldwide dose reduction information exchange network to reduce occupational exposure at nuclear power plants

4. 4 Participation in ISOE Plus 26 national regulatory authorities Nuclear Power Plants: in operation in cold-shutdown or some phase of decommissioning TOTAL Nuclear Power Plants: in operation in cold-shutdown or some phase of decommissioning TOTAL End of 2000  397  53  450 End of 2000  397  53  450 72 utilities from 27 countries 72 utilities from 27 countries In 2000: Russian Federation joined ISOE with 14 reactors In 2000: Russian Federation joined ISOE with 14 reactors

5. 5 ISOE Data Collection and Communication ISOE Database on Microsoft ACCESS including Data Input Software ISOE Database on Microsoft ACCESS including Data Input Software Distributed twice a year on CD-ROM Distributed twice a year on CD-ROM All Participating Nuclear Power Plants Full use of data base Input/correct NPP data All Participating Nuclear Power Plants Full use of data base Input/correct NPP data Updated specific NPP data (using export module) Update ISOE Data in the database (twice a year) Relevant Technical Center collects data from all associated NPPs Relevant Technical Center collects data from all associated NPPs European Technical Center collects data from all other Technical Centers European Technical Center collects data from all other Technical Centers Transfer of collected data Transfer of collected data

6. 6 ISOE Products Yearly overview of the achievements of the ISOE Program Information Sheets Annual Reports Workshops and Topical meetings Detailed studies and analyses of the ISOE Databases Information on current issues in operational radiation protection International ISOE Workshops on Occupational Exposure Management in Nuclear Power Plants (ALARA) Alternating in Europe and in North America International ALARA Symposium World’s largest database on occupational exposure data in nuclear power plants ISOE Database

7. 7 NATC Public Radiation Research Program Public Radiation Safety Research Program officially started in 1995 when the NRC asked the NATC to take over the task of collecting and tabulating US NPP effluent data (formerly BNL). Public Radiation Safety Research Program officially started in 1995 when the NRC asked the NATC to take over the task of collecting and tabulating US NPP effluent data (formerly BNL). The NATC has been designated as the lead scientific organization to collect, tabulate, analyze, and distribute the US effluent database The NATC has been designated as the lead scientific organization to collect, tabulate, analyze, and distribute the US effluent database This role began in 1998 starting with the 1994 effluent data. This role began in 1998 starting with the 1994 effluent data.

8. 8 NATC Public Radiation Research Program Goals Developed by NATC staff with technical support from US NRC, US EPA and US DOE staff. Developed by NATC staff with technical support from US NRC, US EPA and US DOE staff. 1.Development of US gaseous and liquid effluent database for use by US NPP, US NRC, CEPN (France) and UNSCEAR (UN-Austria) 2. Expanded trend analysis and discussion in annual US effluent reports since 1994 to assist the US industry and regulatory bodies on benchmarking efforts 3. Establishment of a North American Effluent web site 4. Establishment of a North American Expert Group 5. Development of a standardized electronic data entry form for licensee use

9. 9 Effluent Databases Effluent data has been collected from the NRC directly, utilities, and the NRC public reading room (ADAMS –post 1998) Effluent data has been collected from the NRC directly, utilities, and the NRC public reading room (ADAMS –post 1998) The data is entered into an EXCEL spreadsheet, and unit conversions are performed (both imperial and SI units) The data is entered into an EXCEL spreadsheet, and unit conversions are performed (both imperial and SI units) Data is broken up by unit and site totals Data is broken up by unit and site totals The data is then normalized by using the annual electrical energy generated (also kept as raw data) The data is then normalized by using the annual electrical energy generated (also kept as raw data) Current studies now include sister plant comparisons, dose evaluations (CED), and country comparisons Current studies now include sister plant comparisons, dose evaluations (CED), and country comparisons

10. 10 Effluent Database

11. 11 Effluent Database Total Normalized Releases Total Gaseous Releases (GBq/GW a) YearFission/NobelTotal I-131TritiumParticulates 1994180511.35560.450391473497.8540.95403187 1995118215.80290.3613883044434.410.35603883 1996123637.58160.5166637493502.1820.31077416 1997138598.5710.2287591634804.5570.39013745 199831746.687570.5222257123898.3090.74411542 199914699.791960.3624492144637.6590.09490391 200021091.752490.3846846984566.5330.35038451 Total Liquid Releases (GBq/GW a) YearTritiumFission/Dissolved 199422817.0274578.40098977 199525031.4344648.85908593 199627553.8341249.33697415 199722077.0953319.66059075 199823084.8242223.15460004 199927046.3717520.62082257 200030552.1450821.09724869

12. 12 Effluent Database Total Releases (Country) 2000 - Total Activity Released Country# of Reactors Gross Production (TWh) Liquid Tritium (GBq) Liquid Others (GBq) Noble Gases (GBq) Aerosols and Halogens (GBq) Belgium747.226396533.8935950.013 Brazil26.04187400.871241 Czech Republic413.59157430.0438530.22 Finland27.16110000.154000.06 France58416.1681400040.023359802.66 Germany12111.582467131.49157910.07 Japan21133.893150000.071360.03 Slovakia410.55126810.12146421.39 Spain649.2919690047.27189360.35 Sweden315.372591024.666110.06 Switzerland18.27140000.253000.02 United States76504.0831483088823.143788438.82 Total1961323.2033217740971.8778321114.693

13. 13 Effluent Database Total Releases (Country)

14. 14 Effluent Database Total Releases (Country) 2000 - Average Normalized Activity Released Country# of Reactors Gross Production (TWh) Liquid Tritium (GBq/GW a) Liquid Others (GBq/GW a) Noble Gases (GBq/GW a) Aerosols and Halogens (GBq/GW a) Belgium747.2211866.442196.287090216666.9250320.00241169 Brazil26.0427179.20531.261788079179.841061.450331126 Czech Republic413.5910147.805740.0257836642483.611480.141810155 Finland27.1613458.100560.1223463696606.703910.073407821 France58416.1617134.37140.8424048447072.243370.055991926 Germany12111.5819369.115250.1169779531239.730780.005495609 Japan21133.8920609.455520.0045798798.898050640.001962805 Slovakia410.5510529.436970.0996398112157.71751.154161137 Spain649.2934993.791848.4009981743365.375530.062203287 Sweden315.3714767.1828214.05475602348.2342230.034196487 Switzerland18.2714829.504230.211850065614.02660.021185006 United States76504.08325773.237514.304601426583.567940.153274758 Total1961323.203220657.649345.7328164946326.87553.156431807

15. 15 Effluent Database Average Releases (Country)

16. 16 Effluent Database Sister Plant Comparisons Sister Plant Comparisons for all release categories (1994- 2000) including normalized and dose information Sister Plant Comparisons for all release categories (1994- 2000) including normalized and dose information

17. 17 Effluent Database Collective Effective Dose UNSCEAR Dose estimate methodology used UNSCEAR Dose estimate methodology used Dose Coefficients assigned to release categories (collective dose per unit release) Dose Coefficients assigned to release categories (collective dose per unit release) Represents model site w/representative environmental conditions Represents model site w/representative environmental conditions Uses average population densities Uses average population densities NATC is currently incorporating other regulatory and industry dose methodologies and codes NATC is currently incorporating other regulatory and industry dose methodologies and codes

18. 18 Effluent Databases Two organizations that use the NATC databases Two organizations that use the NATC databases –UNSCEAR and CEPN

19. 19 Websites NATC NATC –http://hps.ne.uiuc.edu http://hps.ne.uiuc.edu www.natcisoe.org www.natcisoe.org www.natcisoe.org –ISOE, International ALARA Symposium, ALARA studies, and information sheets http://hps.ne.uiuc.edu/natcenviro http://hps.ne.uiuc.edu/natcenviro –Public Radiation Safety Research Program, effluent databases, effluent reports (separate site coming soon) www.rets-remp.org www.rets-remp.org www.rets-remp.org –Home of RETS-REMP Workshop

20. 20 Effluent Expert Group NATC staff (David Miller and Jason Harris) NATC staff (David Miller and Jason Harris) Utility Representatives Utility Representatives –Ken Sejkora (Pilgrim NGS) –Sam Kuo (D.C. Cook NP) –Daryl Dick (SONGS) Academic advisors Academic advisors –Dr. Herman Cember (Purdue University) –Dr. Tom Gesell (Idaho State University) -invited –Dr. Bernd Kahn (Georgia Tech.) - invited

21. 21 Electronic Form Under development Under development –Seeking ideas, support from regulatory bodies and licensees –Must iron our reporting differences between the different plants –Access database forms? (ISOE format) –Major goal of expert group –Timeframe?

22. 22 Future Studies Electronic Form Electronic Form Solid Waste database (for NPPs - designed same way as effluents) Solid Waste database (for NPPs - designed same way as effluents) Evaluating other sources of man-made radiation releases (nuclear fuel cycle, research reactors, etc.) Evaluating other sources of man-made radiation releases (nuclear fuel cycle, research reactors, etc.) Addressing individual needs of NPPs (comparisons, failed fuel, power uprates) Addressing individual needs of NPPs (comparisons, failed fuel, power uprates) Polish dose studies (utilize industry codes) Polish dose studies (utilize industry codes) Current Homeland security issues (environmental monitoring, whole body counters, distribution of radiological instruments –civil defense meters) Current Homeland security issues (environmental monitoring, whole body counters, distribution of radiological instruments –civil defense meters)

23. 23 Future Home of the NATC Public Radiation Safety Research Program Purdue University (Sept. 2002) Purdue University (Sept. 2002) School of Health Sciences (Health Physics) School of Health Sciences (Health Physics)

24. 24 Summary NATC Public Radiation Safety Research Program NATC Public Radiation Safety Research Program –Developed US gaseous and liquid effluent databases for use by US NPP, US NRC, CEPN (France) and UNSCEAR (UN-Austria) –Performing trend analyses of NPP effluents since 1994 to assist the US industry and regulatory bodies in benchmarking efforts –North American Effluent web site –North American Expert Group –Currently developing a standardized electronic data entry form for licensee use –Homeland security –Many other relevant studies planned. Tell us what is important to you!! As an industry sponsored scientific organization, we are here to help

25. 25 For More Information David Miller DWMPhD@aol.comDWMPhD@aol.com or dwmiller2@aep.com dwmiller2@aep.com DWMPhD@aol.comdwmiller2@aep.com Jason Harris JasTHarris@aol.com Phone (217) 333-1098 Fax (217) 333-2906 hps.ne.uiuc.edu

26. 26 THANK YOU!! Questions?