1. A New Kind of War

2.  Both used weapons that were never used before.  U-Boat: submarines “underwater boats” that caused extensive losses to allied ships. Germans deployed them to prevent munitions and food from reaching Britain’s ports. Rose to surface to give warning, but Germans abandoned this rule and stayed hidden.  Germans: Introduced poison gas against enemy  New Weapons: Machine Guns Long-Range Artillery Airplanes: Enemy trade routes/Dogfights Tanks  New Soldiers: Used to be professional/Now, Drafted civilian.

3.  Propaganda: Select bits of information, both true and false, to get people to back their country’s war effort. Newspapers and popular magazines Brutal and sub human while praising own countries.

4.  Germany went through neutral Belgium  Reached Marne River (Near Paris)  Germany’s quick victory thoughts end  Western Front: Stretched from Switz. to English Channel and the North Sea  Eastern Front: Russia mobilized troops Launched attack from East-Prussia from east and south  Battle of Tannenberg Russia lost half of its force, 90,000 prisoners Germans loss only 15,000 Launch an offensive moving into Russian Poland

5.  Russia lacked guns and ammunition/A lot of soldiers  Great Britain/France: Try to capture Constantinople to remove Ottoman Empire from the war. Get needed supplies to Russia  Fight was eventually brought to stalemate  Hundreds and thousands of lives lost.

6.  British: blockade North Sea (merchant ships to Germany-raw materials cut off).  Germany set up blockade U-Boat attacks  Lusitania-128 Americans  President Wilson-gave warning Germany: cut back on submarine attacks  Battle of Jutland: Off coast of North Sea Both Germany and Britain claimed victory

7.  War in west became substantial stalemate  War of Attrition: slow wearing-down process in which each side was trying to outlast the other.

8.  Supplied food, raw material, and munitions to both sides.  Contraband: war materials supplied by neutral nation to belligerent one can be seized As German blockade tightened, United States traded more with Allies.  British atrocities: brutal acts against defenseless civilians. Angered Americans  Zimmerman Note: telegram sent to German ambassador in Mexico: Mexico declare war on United States and Germany would give Mexico back Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. British intercepted it and decoded it.  Unrestricted Submarine warfare continued from Germany  Overthrow of the czar of Russia (Move toward Democracy)  United States declared war on Germany