1. AP World History
September 30, 2015

2. Warm Up – September 30, 2015
With regard to the doctrines of Islam in the period c. 600CE-1450CE:
The concept of monotheism was unknown to the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula
Their teachings of equality made them more popular among the general population of Africa than African rulers
They were embraced by members of the lower Hindu castes in India because of their emphasis on equality
They found widespread acceptance among Buddhists of both Central Asia and Southeast Asia
They were transmitted more frequently through missionary endeavor than through commercial contacts or conquest

3. Agenda Rise of Islam/First Empires Chapter 6 Guided Reading
Test Corrections – Monday in class
Reminders:
Chapter 6 guided reading due Friday, October 2nd
HW – Finish the PPT & Chapter 6 Guided Reading

4. The Ka’aba in Mecca

5. The Religion: the Koran (Qu’ran)
The Koran (Qu’ran): contains much of Mohammed ‘s recounting of Allah’s teachings
Written down by his followers after his death
from notes and memories, on “stones and parchments”
some “Old” and “New” Testament stories
Parables and fables
The Hadith is a separate text composed of Mohammed’s sayings

6. Five Pillars of Islam Faith: uniqueness of God
‘There is no god, but Allah….’
Prayer: five times a day facing Mecca
Fasting: observe the month of Ramadan
Alms-Giving: tithing for the poor
The Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
If possible, once in your life

7. Changing Status of Women
Qu’ran improves status of women
Outlawed female infanticide
Brides, not husbands, claim dowries
Men and women equal before Allah
Could own property
Yet male dominance preserved
Patrilineal descent
Polygamy permitted, Polyandry forbidden
Veil and seclusion adopted later on from Middle Eastern traditions

8. Islamic Law: The Sharia
Codification of Islamic law
Extends beyond ritual law to all areas of human activity
This is the basis for the idea of an “Islamic republic”

9. Early Problems Succession ?
Mohammed had no surviving male children
Daughter: Fatima
Son-in-law: Ali, child of his uncle
Generated a permanent split in the Islamic community
Sunnis: believed caliph (leader) should be someone who is “rightly guided” or follows the example set by Mohammed
Shi’as: Believed Caliph should be a descendant of Mohammed

10. Rahisdun Caliphate (Rightly Guided)CE

11. The Islamic Empire
The Rashidun Caliphate or Rashidun Empire, was the first of the four Arab caliphates.
It was controlled by the first four successors of Muhammad, known as the "Rightly Guided" caliphs.
At its height, the power of the Rashidun Caliphs extended throughout North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian highlands.

12. The Four Caliphs - 632–634 Abu Bakr - 634–644 Umar - 644–656 Uthman

13. Spread of Islam

14. Umayyad Caliphate

15. Umayyads Ali assassinated in 661 A.D. beginning of the Umayyad Dynasty
by the Kharijites
beginning of the Umayyad Dynasty
Introduced Arabic as language of Gov’t
Sunni
Damascus became capital and then later Cordoba

16. Policy toward Conquered Peoples
Favoritism of Arab military rulers causes discontent
Emphasized Arabic ethnicity over Islam adherence
Head tax (jizya) on non-Muslims

17. Umayyad Empire Decline
Umayyad luxurious living causes further decline in moral authority
Eventually displaced by the Abbasids an Arab family claiming decent from Mohammed

18. Dome of the Rock,
Temple Mount Jerusalem

19. Abbasid Caliphate

20. Abbasid Dynasty

21. The Abbasid Dynasty
Seizes control of Eastern Meditteranean, Persia and Mesopotamia
Baghdad becomes capital
Defeats Umayyad army in 750
Invited Umayyads to banquet, then massacred them
One surviving Umayyad prince flees to Spain and establishes caliphate there

22. Nature of the Abbasid Dynasty
Grants equal status to Islamic converts
Militarily competent, but not bent on imperial expansion
Golden Age of Islamic culture:
Astrolabe (navigation)
Calligraphy
House of Wisdom (library and research)
Math and science developments
Increased trade
Produced great Literature (Arabian Nights)

23. Abbasid Decline Empire size made it difficult to govern Civil wars
Provincial governors and local leaders (sultans) assert regional independence
Dissenting sects
Ended in 13th century when Mongol invaders executed the caliph.

24. Islam spreads to India
While conquerors brought Islam to the Indus River, Muslim merchants took their faith to coastal regions in both northern and southern India.
These long lasting business ties and the intermarriage of many Muslim men made the introduction of Islam more gradual.
Islam also spread to India with the migrations and invasions of Turkish-speaking peoples from Central Asia.

25. Islam spreads to India
Lower caste Hindus found Islam appealing because of equality.
but many others didn’t like monotheism concept.
The Mahmud Turks demolished Hindu and Buddhist sites and hastened the decline of Buddhism in India. They frequently built mosques on the sites of destroyed temples.
Islam continued to spread to SE Asia through trade.