2. Portland’s Drinking Water

3. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1974 EPA standard for public drinking water 1986: Act amended to increase requirements for safety testing 1996: Act amended to increase source protection, capacity to carry water to the public

4. Bull RunBull Run--Source 102 square-mile area primary drinking water supply for Portland Located 26 miles from downtown Portland in Sandy River basin, in Mt. Hood National Forest

5. Portland Drinking Water Protected in 1892 Serves 900,000 residents 2001: protection boundary extended by federal law Groundwater back-up supply since 1986 – peak water demand during summer months – emergency source of supply when Bull Run is not available

6. Reservoirs Uncovered Receive water by gravity flow or pumping 17 billion gallons stored Store 3 days’ worth of water

7. Powell Butte Reservoir Purchased in 1925 for $135,000 for future reservoirs 1981 the first reservoir operational Currently being expanded— completion expected 2014 Replacing volume of Mt Tabor/Washington Park Security surveillance cameras monitor the reservoirs 24 hours per daymonitor Open reservoirs must be cleaned every six months Will be disconnected in 2015 Mt. Tabor & Washington Park

8. Testing Portland Water Performs 54,400 analyses on 11,800 water samples each year Samplers collect water from the watershed reservoirs, in-town reservoirs, the distribution system, groundwater and consumers' taps

9. Treating Portland Water Currently not filtered Meets the filtration avoidance criteria of the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule Waiver from the requirement to filter since 1991 Bull Run water is very soft: typically ranges from 1/3 to ½ a grain of hardness per gallon Portland's groundwater hardness is approximately 5 grains per gallon -- considered moderately hard No fluoride added

10. Disinfection 2012: received variance for cyrptosporidium Portland's water: chloramination 1.chlorine to disinfect the water 2.ammonia to ensure that disinfection remains

11. pH adjustment for corrosion control January 1997: Portland Water Bureau began corrosion control treatment – raise pH of the water so less likely to leach metals – target pH range is 7.8 to 8.0 at least a 50 percent reduction in lead at the tap with pH adjustment “soft” water

12. How water gets to the sink To Portland by gravity Through water mains to all parts of the city -- run beneath sidewalks and streets to individual homes and businesses Smaller pipe travels to the water meter at each home or business not on a well – water passes through the meter on its way to your home to measure the amount of water your house uses – mains and the water meter owned by the City of Portland Enters pipes which are the owned by property owner. Those pipes deliver water to your tap.

13. 3/7 Demo: testing drinking water Earth Resources Discussion Thursday: Joe, Abby, Daniel, Baisley Earth Resources Discussion Friday: Francesca, Eli, Dreyson, Kyle Friday 3/8 last day for discussions, assignment list grading, log 1