1. The Essay: Classical Rhetorical Arrangement Exordium—introduces essay subject Narratio—states the facts to be essayed Partitio—divides into subject’s aspects Confirmatio—the proof of your essay Refutatio—states & refutes obvious objections Peroratio—effective summation

2. How to Study in Academic English LECTURE NOTE-TAKING METHOD 1. During lecture, take notes as detailed in lecture and on the course website Primary ideas & concepts Secondary ideas & concepts Illustrations and examples 2. After lecture: group the ideas & concepts from lecture notes on a clean sheet keep a separate section which connects the main ideas across the successive novels. 3. Academic English uses primary texts Sciences use tertiary texts—i.e. textbooks. Texts (novels, etc.) in English are the ‘matter’ of experiments in Sciences: i.e. the material for empirical study; that upon which experiments are performed. READING METHOD 1. Read the primary texts for enjoyment. 2. Underline whatever: catches your fancy seems important echoes lecture 3. If a section is incomprehensible, mark it and pass it by. 4. Summarise each chapter in one sentence *point of excellence*: underline main sentence in each ¶ 5. Summarise the book in one sentence 6. Re-read in skimming fashion the book and highlight lecture ideas with a vertical line in the margin. 7. This is then a study guide for the Final Exam

3. SFU Lecture in Context of Learning Process: (1.) Lecture, (2.) Seminar, (3.) Office Hour Consultation, (4.) Individual Research

4. Learning Process: [1.] Lecture Information Delivery Student is one among a large number Passive Reception Information Data Context An Organising Thesis Dependent

5. Learning Process: [2.] Seminar Group Engagement Increased active engagement Discussion Experience Questions Elaboration Clarification Additional specific information

6. Learning Process: [3.] Office Hour Consultation Personal Engagement 50% active Direct instruction Focus is on what the individual requires for specific learning. No gaps are left

7. Learning Process: [4.] Individual Research Detailed personal knowledge. Fully active Independent Full knowledge Specific points specifically comprehended Broader scholarly understanding