1. The Sanitation 21 Framework Simple Approaches to a Complex Problem

2. 2 Why another framework? Conventional approaches to planning seem to fail because: objectives are distorted by special interests (lack of balance across the domains of the city) plans lack flexibility plans are based on unrealistic assessments of management capacities ‘…a mismatch between technical proposals and institutional realities…’

3. 3 You wanted this….

4. 4 …but what you got was this.

5. 5 What’s in the Sanitation 21 Framework? Nothing new – it’s not rocket-science, but it does suggest a change of mindset A simple conception of what is a complex process: Understanding the context (institutional realities across all domains of the city) Understanding how a sanitation system relates to the context across all domains of the city Checking whether the system meets objectives and can work across all domains of the city.

6. 6 Structure of the Framework Part One: The context Decision making domains Objectives External factors Capacity Part Two: Technical Options Elements of the system Management requirements Part Three: Fit for Purpose? Meeting Objectives Matching management requirements Assessing: will it/ does it work?

7. 7 Part One: The Context Key elements of the context Decision making domains Objectives External factors Capacity Understanding the context allows technical proposals to be assessed against institutional realities

8. 8 Context (1): domains

9. 9 Context (2): Objectives, external interests, capacities Objectives: what do stakeholders in each domain want from the sanitation system? External influencing factors: ‘outside’ factors which influence decision making Capacities: Actors, mandates, manpower, budgets

10. 10 Context (3): Objectives, external factors, capacities

11. 11 Context (4): Objectives, external factors, capacities

12. 12 Part Two: Technical Options Components mapped across domains: A toilet Collection mechanism Transportation mechanism Treatment process Disposal/ re-use mechanism/ process Management Requirements The system as a whole Management requirements across all domains

13. 13 Part 3: Fit for Purpose? Ask the following crucial questions across all domains of the city Does it meet the objectives? Do the management requirements match in every domain? Does it/ will it work?

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17. 17 In summary The framework is a simplified representation of a complex planning process It is meant to guide planners/ designers and help to build bridges between institutional analysis and technical planning It is not new – but clearly new mindsets are needed !

18. 18 Next steps The Task Force would welcome feedback and comments on the draft document The work of the Task Force will end with a series of publications and dissemination events The Task Force recommends expansion of the Sanitation 21 process through IWA’s membership base

19. Thankyou